Module 1 Cognitive Psychology

Module 1 Cognitive Psychology

1. Models of Memory

   • Multi store memory model
     • Atkinson and Shiffrin 1971
       • memory consists of three memory stores
         • Sensory store
           • duration: few seconds
           • don't pay attenion to the new info, will decay
           • first store- info from sensory input
         • Short term memory
           • duration: max 30 secs average 18 secs
             • PETERSON AND PETERSON 1959
               • presented trigrams through headphones
                 • distraction task- avoid rehearsal- ensure testing STM
                   • count backwards from 100 in threes
               • findings
                 • retention interval increased= percentage correct decreased
                 • at 0 secs, correct was 90%
                 • at 18 secs, correct was 5%
           • capacity: 7+-2 items
             • JACOBS 1890
               • investigated serial digit span
                 • precisely presented an item every half second
               • used letters and digits
               • findings
                 • average digit span : just over 9
                 • average span for letters: just over 7
           • attention moves info to LTM
           • stm is full, old info is displaced or decay info
           • encoding: info is stored acoustically, works better with sound
             • BADDELEY 1966
               • 2 lists: acoustically similar and dissimilar
         • Long term memory
           • duration: unlimited at least 48 years
             • BAHRICK ET AL
               • recall of yearbook photos
               • criticism: naturalistic test of memory
               • criticism: lack of controls
           • capacity: unlimited
           • retrieval failure
           • encoding: LTM predominantly semantic encoding
             • BADDELEY 1966
               • 2 lists of words - semantically similar and dissimilar
       • stimulus impinges on senses- info passes from stores
     • criticisms
       • Coding in STM is not always phonetic
   • Working Memory Model

2. Memory in everyday life

   • Eye witness testimony
   • Memory improvement

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