The Cell

The Cell

1. Nucleus

   • Contains all DNA , controls cell functions
   • Surrounded by the nuclear envelope

2. nucleolus

   • Produces ribosomal RNA
   • Surrounded by the nuclear envelope

3. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

   • Ribosomes around edge
   • Transports proteins

4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

   • No ribosomes, smooth and round
   • Makes lipids for the cell

5. Golgi apparatus

   • Stack of membrane bound, flattened sacs
   • Receives proteins and packs them into vesicles.

6. Mitochondria

   • Membrane bound sacs. Folds=cristae. Inner centre=Matrix
   • Produces ATP which provides energy to the cell. Also respiration

7. Chloroplast

   • Contains chlorophyll. Membrane bound
   • Photosynthesis

8. Vacuole

   • Large sac filled with cell sap
   • Structure. Keeping cell firm. Turgid vs flaccid

9. Lysosome

   • Round. Membrane bound
   • Contains digestive enzymes needed to break down molecules into smaller ones the cell can use.

10. Cilia

    • Tiny hair like structures. In respiratory and digestive tracts
    • Wafts molecules along, also can move cell (locomotion)

11. Ribosomes

    • Small, round, 80S in animal and plant, 70S in prokaryotes
    • Protein synthesis

12. Centriole

    • Star like shape, made of microtubules
    • Cell division: makes spindle fibres

13. Cytoskeleton

    • Made of microtubules.
    • Provides structure for the cell

14. Cell wall

    • Made of cellulose in plants. Made of peptidoglycan in bacteria
    • Support for cell