Carbohydrates and Lipids

Carbohydrates and Lipids

1. Carbohydrates

   • Monosaccharide monomers linked by condensation
     • Types
       • Glucose
       • Fructose
       • Ribose
     • single sugar sub-units
     • condensation = combination of sub units and yields water
     • Anabolic process; ATP required
   • form disaccharide and polysaccharide monomers
     • di = 2 mono
     • poly = many mono
       • cellulose
       • starch
       • glycogen

2. Lipids

   • Triglycerides formed by condensation
     • fat in human adipose tissue
     • sunflower oil
     • 3 water molecules
     • energy stores
   • from 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol
   • insoluble in water
   • fats = liquid at body temp solid at room temp
   • oils = liquid at room and body temp
   • ester bond formed when acid reacts with -OH group in alcohol
   • released by aerobic cell respiration
   • heat insulation for animals

3. Fatty acids

   • Saturated
     • single bond between C bonds
     • maximum H
   • Monounsaturated
     • one double bond
   • Polyunsaturated
     • more than one double bond

4. Unsaturated fatty acids

   • one or more double bond
   • cis isomers
     • hydrogen on same side as double bonded carbon
     • bend in hydrocarbon chain at double bond
     • oils
   • trans isomers
     • H on opp side as double bonded C
     • straight
     • artificially produced to form solid fats

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