Mapa mental

Identity

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Identity

The Importance of Identity
- Identity influences communication
  - bring self images to communicative encounters
  - Communication creates and shapes identites
  - intercultural communication
  - identity is key site
What is Identity
- Define: Who a person is; composed of individual and social categories a person identifies with, as well as the categories that others identify with that person
  - Personal Identity~ our differences from other people and what makes us unique
  - Social Identity~ our group's differences and what makes our group unique
    - primary~ most consist impact on our lives
      - race, gender, nationality
    - secondary~ dependent on situation
      - major, job, marriage
- Identities can change
  - how is it viewed historically
- created through interactions
The Individual and Identity
- symbolic interactionism~ an individual's meanings for the objects, actions, and people around them arise out of social, or symbolic, interaction with others
- 3 communication processes of identity development
  - 1. Reflected Appraisals
    - Particular Others
      - important ppl who influence a person's identity
        develop ideas of what traits are desirable and acceptable
    - Generalized Other
      - collection of roles/rules endorsed by the community of which the person lives
    - looking-glass self
  - 2. Social Comparisons
    - compare ourselves to others in our group
  - 3. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
    - individual expects something & expectation influences behavior & influences outcome
      - outcomes can influence how we see ourselves
    - stereotype threat
      - reminding ppl of stereotypical expectations about identities can impact performance
    - self-concept
      - understanding how one is similar and different from others
    - self-esteem
      - who one perceives the self
    - self respect
- how you see yourself influences communication behavior
- Performance of Identity
  - we show the world who we think we are
- Self presentation
  - influencing others impressions by creating an image that is consistent with one's personal identity
- Enacting Identities
  - performing scripts deemed proper for particular identities
    - role expectations
- Identities are mutable
  - subject to change
The Individual, Identity and Society
- cannot understand self or others w/o understanding society
  - ppl who act contrary to social expectations might be pressured to change
- Racial Identity
  - society defines race
  - racial categories are cultural
  - multiracial
- national identity
  - citizenship
- ethnic identity
  - tribal identites
- gender identity
  - social expectations of masculinity and femininity
- sexuality identity
- age identity
  - self perception and what others understand that age to mean
- social class identity
  - avoid this and look at meritocracy~ succeed/fail based on merit
- disability identity
  - it is through communication that disabilities as an identity gain meaning
- religious identity
  - religion can relate to political views and attitudes
Ethics and Identity
- how to communicate with people whose identities are more or less valued
- whether you reduce others to a single identity category
Skills for Communicating about Identity
- becoming tolerant of the many ways to perform an identity