MEDIA

MEDIA

1. NEW

   • More DIGITAL such as the internet, digital TV & radio
     • Even PRINT has adapted to DIGITAL tech, e.g. online editions and image manipulation tools
   • NEUMAN- New media will;
     • Produce a huge INCREASE in the VOLUME OF COMMUNICATION
     • CHANGE the meaning of GEOGRAPHICAL DISTANCE (virtual, online, worldwide communities with instant personal communication)
     • Provide OPPORTUNITY for INTERACTIVE communication
     • Allow previously separate forms of communication to INTERNET and OVERLAP e.g. snapchat
     • BLUR the distinction between PERSONAL & MASS communication & between PUBLIC & PRIVATE communication
   • KELLNER
     • Argues for the 'DEMOCRATISING' potential of NEW media & the INTERNET as this new 'PUBLIC SPHERE' encourages NON-HIERARCHICAL INTERATION & DEBATE
   • MCCHESNEY
     • CRITICAL of the opportunities NEW media brings, pointing to the increasing CONTROL of the new media by TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATIONS
   • Early studies of the NEW media tended to be TECHNOLOGICALLY DETERMINISTIC, seeing TECHNOLOGY itself as the CAUSE of CHANGE
     • Recent studies have tended to focus on the COMPLEX SOCIAL & ECONOMIC FACTORS that influence the NATURE & EFFECTS of new media
       • People not only use new media as COMMUNICATION but CONSUMERISM has been a DRIVING FORCE in new media development
         • Shown by the success of eBay and the PROLIFERATION of INTERNET ADVERTISING
   • HABERMAS
     • The INTERNET is a 'PUBLIC SPHERE'; the only area of SOCIAL LIFE that isn't controlled by the GOVERNMENT OR ECONOMY
   • FLEW
     • VIRTUAL REALITY- people can live their lives through games such as SIMS
       • Computer games can be SOCIALLY ISOLATING & provide an unhealthy ESCAPISM
         • MARIXTS: reflects the ALIENATION that many people suffer in CAPITALIST SOCITIES
     • However INTERNET GAMES do bring positives such as ability to establish RELATIONSHIPS 'across the boundaries of TIME & SPACE'
   • AGGER- ITIME
   • DR MARESSA ORZACK
     • Studied GAME ADDICTION and found that 40% of WORLD OF WARCRAFT players are addicted
       • The Chinese Government is bringing in LEGISLATION to prevent the 20 million Chinese players from playing WOW because of the 'social & economic damage caused by addiction
         • The depictions of gender, ethnic groups and class in such games is another case for concern
   • MOBILE PHONES are not just a COMMUNICATION METHOD now they are ACCESSORIES, STATUS SYMBOLS & BADGE OF IDENTITY which are regularly UPDATED

2. OLD

   • Mainly PRINT & ANALOGUE communication such as newspapers, magazines, TV & radio
   • SHARPIO- RESEARCH STUDY
     • The development of digital technologies presents a potential RADICAL SHIFT in who CONTROLS information, experiences and resources
     • OLD media was under VERTICAL CONTROL by MEDIA CORPORATIONS
       • Whereas NEW media is under HORIZONTAL CONTROL of AUDIENCES
         • CITIZENSHIP JOURNALISM