The Response System

The Response System

1. Muscular

   • This allows the body to move during exercise
     • The muscles are given blood to move with the heart
   • Three types of muscle-
     • Visceral, cardiac, and skeletal.
       • These three types all allow different movement and structures for the body
   • There are three types of muscle fibre
     • Type 1
       • Type one is used for long distance or marathon running
         • This is because it allows a lot of energy into the body and this can be used to run for long periods of time
     • Type 2A
       • This muscle fibre is for games players and allows them to use both high and low intensity of exercise
     • Type 2B
       • Type two B is used for sprinting, this is because it loads of explosive power. This is ideal for a sprinter
   • Short term responses
     • Muscle fiber recruitment
       • We recruit the right muscle fiber depending on the exercises intensity
     • Muscle temperature increases
       • This warms up the muscles and makes them elastic like
     • Muscle tears
       • Allows muscles to expand and get stronger
     • Increase blood flow to the working muscles
       • Increase in heart rate and blood vessels dilate.

2. Cardiovascular

   • The cardiovascular system is made up of the circulatory system and the heart
     • The heart allows the blood to be pumped through, Veins, arteries and blood vessels
       • Blood vessels
         • Allows blood to travel to the needed systems and back quickly and efficiently
       • Veins are used to pump blood around the body
   • SHort term responses
     • Before
       • Increased heart rate
         • Increase in anticipatiory rise
           • Increased blood flow to the working muscles
   • During
     • Heart rate increases
       • Stroke volume increases
         • Cardiact output increase
           • Vascular shunting
             • Blood pressure increase
               • Vasodialation
                 • Increase in venus return

3. Respiriotry

   • There are many parts to the system
     • The heart
       • The heart allows the lungs to respire
     • The lungs
       • The lungs allow us to breath
   • Short term responses
     • Before
       • Increased heart rate
         • Increased blood flow to the working muscles
           • Increase in anticipatory rise (adrenaline)
     • During
       • Heart rate increases
         • Stroke volume increases
           • Cardiac output
             • Vascular shunting
               • Blood pressure increases
                 • Vasodialation
                   • Increase in venus return

4. Skeletal

   • 206 Bones
   • Long and short bones
     • Long Bones
       • Movement and blood production
     • Short Bones
       • Support
   • types of joint
     • There are three types of joint
       • immovable
         • The crainum
       • Semi- moveable
         • Spine
       • Syovial
         • Hip
   • Short term responses
     • The production of syovial fluid
       • This allows for a full range of movement during exercise
     • The production of osteoclasts
       • These help maintain bone strength and are produced during weight bearing activity

5. Endocri

   • Has two parts
     • Adrenal glands
       • This again has two parts
         • Cortex
           • Secrets steriod hormones
         • Medulla
           • Secrets epinephrine and norepinephrine
             • This changes the heart rate, blood pressure and the level of glucose
     • Pancreas
       • Specilised cells produce 2 hormones
         • Insulin
           • Used to maintain stable blood sugar
             • They both produce the enzymes
         • Glucagon
           • This functions in digestion
   • Short term responeses
     • Release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood
       • Release thyroxin into the blood
         • Release cholestrol into the blood

6. Energy

   • Anerobic
     • PC
       • This last for 10-12 seconds of work
       • Maximal intesity
       • Explosive characteristics
     • Lactic acid system
       • Lats 60-90 seconds
       • Used for high intensity 80-90%
       • Replenish time- 20 mins to 2 hours
   • Aerobic
     • Aerobic glycolosis
       • Products
         • Makes 2 ATP
         • Pyruvic acid and Coenzyme A make Acetyle CoA which is used as the starting point for the kerbs cycle
     • The krebs cycle
       • Creates four products
         • CO2 is created and removed
         • Hydrogen is produced and then used in the ETC
         • There is 2 ATP made
         • The regeneration of oxaloacetic acide
     • The ETC
       • Products
         • Makes 34 ATP
         • NAD + FAD is used with Hydrogen to make H2O

7. Nervous system

   • Two main parts
     • The CNS
       • Central nervous system
         • Contains the brain and spinal cord
     • The PNS
       • Peripheral nervous system
         • Consists of mainly nerves
           • These are long fibers that connect to the CNS