What new philosophical and scientific ideas emerged from 1625-88?

What new philosophical and scientific ideas emerged from 1625-88?

1. philosophy

   • Thomas Hobbes
     • Leviathan
       • defended absolute sovereignity
       • social contract
       • people agree to surrender some of their rights to strong ruler in return for protection
   • John Locke
     • empiricism
       • understanding is acquired through experience and observation
     • liberalism
     • people born free/equal, have basic human rights (life/liberty/property
       • people should overthrow gov if it breaks social contract by undermining these rights

2. science

   • Francis Bacon
     • founder of scientific method (observation/measurement/experiment)
       • replaced superstition/magical thinking w/ scientific rationalism
     • ideas applied to philosophy (by Locke) religious toleration/history
   • Isaac Newton
     • mathematician/astronomer/physicist who discovered gravity
     • built on ideas of earlier astronomers Copernicus/Galileo/Kepler
     • president of Royal Society 1703-27