UNIT 13 - Connectors

UNIT 13 - Connectors

1. COORDINATING CONJUNCTION

   • They link words, phrases or independent clauses
     • When a CC joining three or more words or phrases requires commas between the elements, but there is no comma before the conjuction
       • When a CC connects two independent clauses, it is often (but not always) accompanied by a comma
   • For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
   • EXAMPLES
     • The car stopped AND the driver got out
     • It was very hot, SO I opened the window
     • I bought a sandwich, BUT I didn't eat it

2. SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION

   • They link one INDEPENDENT clause to a DEPENDENT clause, which will always be introduced by a subordinator
     • If the subordinate clause comes first in a sentence, it is followed by a comma
     • If the subordinate clause follows the independent clause, it is not usually preceded by a comma
     • They are used to introduce a clause and to subordinate this clause to the independent clause in the sentence
   • SOME SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
     • TIME: when, while, since, before, after, until, once
     • PLACE: where, wherever
     • CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCE: because, since, as, now that, inasmuch as
     • CONDITION: if, unless, only if, even if
     • CONCESSION: although, even thoug, despite, in spite of
     • DIRECT CONTRAST: while, where, whereas
     • EXAMPLES
       • ALTHOUGH it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday
       • You can't go in UNLESS you are a member
       • She wasn't well, but DESPITE this she continued working

3. TRANSITIONS WORDS

   • They link two sentences, two paragraphs or large sections of text
   • May come in the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence
   • SOME TRANSITIONS WORDS
     • ADDITION: also, again, as well as, besides, furthermore, in addition, likewise, moreover
     • CONSEQUENCE: accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, otherwise, therefore, thus
     • CONTRAST: in constrast, on the other hand, however, still, nevertheless, in contrast, nonetheless
     • EXEMPLIFIYING: chiefly, especially, for instance, in particular, markedly, namely, including, specifically, such as
     • SEQUENCE: at first, to begin with, in the first place, meanwhile, then, simultaneously, afterwards
     • SUMMARIZING: after all, briefly, in brief, in conclusion, in short, in summary, to sum up, to summarize, finally
     • EXAMPLES
       • I like to read books, AS WELL AS watching TV
       • I love London. HOWEVER, the weather is bad
       • DESPITE the rain, we still went to the park