Cognetive development

Cognetive development

1. Jean Piaget

   • sensorimotor stage:
     • the stage of development that occurs from birth to 2 years, when infants gain knowledge about their environments through increasing ability to coordinate their sensory input with motoractivity
     • Primary circular reactions- the 1st sub stage in the sensorimotor stage, where the infants repeat actions they find pleasurable
     • Secondary circular reactions - the 2nd sub stage of the sensorimotor stage where infants become aware of their actions & realize that their actions produce interesting changes in the enviroment
     • Coordinates secondary circular reactions - the 3rd sub stage of sensorimotor stage, were infants combine a n umber of schemas in order to produce desired effects
     • Tertiary circular reactions - the 4th substage of the sensorimotor stage, where infants 12-18 months use trail & error experimentation to see what will happen
     • Symbolic representation - the 5th sub stage of the sensorimotor stage, where infants 1-2 years plan actions based on imagined realities
   • Reflex schemas - primitive reflexes babies are born with to ensure survival
   • Deferred imitation - when infants are able to imitate an action some time after it has been observed
   • Object permanence - the realization that an object or person continues to exist even when no longer visible
   • preoperational stage:
     • the stage of development between 2-7 years, where children use symbolic thought but not the cognitive operations necessary for logical though
     • transductive reasoning - preoperational reasoning in which children reason from one particular event to another
     • conservation - the principle that quantities remain the same despite changes in their appearance
     • centration - the tendency of children to focus only on one aspect of an object or situation
     • irreversibility - a child's inability to mentally reverse perceived actions
     • egocentrism - the tendency of children to view everything from their own perspective
     • animism - the thought process whereby human-like qualities are attributes to inanimate objects