BEHAVIOURISM

BEHAVIOURISM

1. "All aspects from speech to motional responses is simply a thing related to stimulus and response"

   • CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
     • Conditioned stimulus
       • Is a substitute stimulus that triggers the same response in an organism as an unconditioned stimulus
     • Conditioned response
       • Is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus
     • Stimulus generalization
       • Is the tendency of a new stimulus to evoke responses or behaviors similar to those elicited by another stimulus
   • OPERATIONAL CONDITIONING
     • Skinner
       • Reinforcement
         • Is a consequence applied that will strengthen an organism's future behavior
           • Positive Reinforcement
             • Involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future
           • Negative Reinforcement
             • A response or behavior is strengthened by stopping, removing, or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive stimulus
       • Escape learning
         • The process by which a subject acquires a response that results in the termination of an aversive stimulus
       • Avoidance learning
         • An individual's response to avoid an unpleasant or stressful situation
       • Punishment
         • Stimulus that is used to discourage or decrease an undesirable behavior
   • PAVLOV
     • Experiments with dogs
       • Unconditioned stimulus
         • Unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response
       • Unconditioned response
         • Is an unlearned response that occurs naturally in reaction to the unconditioned stimulus

2. 1913 John Watson

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