Bacteria survey

Bacteria survey

1. Spirochetes

   • - AKA endoflagellum - spiral bacterial cells - very flexible bacteria
   • Treponema palladium
     • - most commonly associated with syphillis -
     • Borrelia burgdorferi
       • - most commonly associated with lyme disease (which si spread by deer tick)

2. Spiral bacteria

   • Campylobacter jejuni
     • - foodborne gastroenteritis viral bacteria associated with eating uncooked poultry
     • Helicobacter pylori
       •  - associated with duodenal and peptic ulcers - it survives in the stomach's acidic environment by producing an enzyme called urease which breaks down urea into ammonia

3. Gram-negative aerobic rods

   • Pseudomonas aureginosa
     • - associated with burns, cystic fibrosis, wounds, and nonsocomal infections - known as an organism of "blue pus", due to production of blue-ish green pigment - very opportunistic bacteria - very resistant to antibiotics and disinfectants - Habitat = soil and moist environments
     • Bordetella pertussis
       • - associated with pertussis/whooping cough
       • Legionella pneumophila
         • - associated with Legionnaire's disease

4. Gram-negative aerobic cocci

   • Neisseria meningitidis
     • - associated with epidemic/ meningococcal meningitis
     • Neisseria gonorrhoeae
       • - associated with gonorrhoeae

5. Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods

   • : a large group divided into 3 families:  1. Enterobacteriaceae 2. Vibrionaceae 3. Pasteurellaceae
   • Enterobacteriaceae
     • bacteria in the intestine
     • Escherichia coli
       • - #1 cause of UTI, frequently as a nonsocomal infection as well - associated with traveller's diarrhea - indicator organism for fecally contaminated water E. coli O157: H7 - cook your hamburgers! - affects kidney function
       • Salmonella species
         • Normal flora of 1. Salmonella enteriditis-- bacteria transmitted in eggs, and other poultry (chicken/turkey); many states prohibit sale of Easter chicks and ducklings as a result 2. Morganella morganii-- PET (small ones < 4 inches) Diseases: Food poisoning and Typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi)
         • Shigella species
           • - associated with Shigellosis or bacillary dysentery= very potentially severe form of diarrhea
           • Klebsiella pneumoniae
             • - nonsocomal pneumonia - common in smokers
             • Serratia marcescens
               • - produces a red pigment - frequent nonsocomal infection, RESPIRATORY/WOUND INFECTION
               • Proteus species
                 • - associated with UTI, WOUNDS, NONSOCOMAL INFECTIONS; known for its unique form of swarming on agar plates
                 • Yersinia pestis
                   • - associated with BUBONIC PLAGUE - transmission usually involves an oriental rat flea (Xenopsyllacheopis)- although transmission can be via respiratory droplets from infected individuals
     • Vibrionaceae
       • Vibrio cholerae
         • - a curved rod - Cholera: a disease characterized by copious amounts of very watery diarrhea
         • Vibrio parahaemolyticus
           • - form of gastroenteritis caused by eating raw or uncooked shellfish (oysters, clams)
       • Pasteurellaceae
         • Haemophilus species
           • - has specific growth requirements that need to be supplied in media= X and V factors X factor- heme from blood (chocolate agar or blood agar) V factor- NAD
           • Haemophilus influenzae
             • - Diseases/infections: childhood meningitis (vaccine known as Hib), otitis media, and pneumonia. - Symptoms of meningitis include stiffness of the neck.
           • Pasteurella multocida
             • - frequent infection from cat and dog bites
             • Gardnerella vaginalis
               • -- no family designation - cause of bacterial vaginitis (two other forms of vaginitis (more common) are caused by a yeast (candida) and a protozoan (Trichomonas vaginalis))

6. Gram-negative anaerobic rods

   • Fusobacterium
     • -- oral infections, frequently dental abscesses following invasive dental procedures (found in gums) - long, slender rods with pointed ends
     • Bacteroides fragilis
       • - extremely abundant in human intestines-- peritonitis resulting from puncture wounds or surgery in the area of the abdomen