Attachment

Attachment

1. strange situation

   • secure attachment insecure resistant insecure avoidant

2. multiple attachments role of dad

3. Stages of attachment

   • Asocial- recognise and form bonds with carer but behaviour towards non humans and human is similer first few weeks
   • indiscriminate attachment- preference to famililar people, no stranger anxiety accept attention from anyone 2-7 months
   • specific attachment- primary attachment figure from 7 months old
     • multiple attachments- after primary attachment they can form new attachments by age of 1 most children have multiple attachments

4. Influences Internal Working model

   • rocky mountains newpaper secure attachment relationships lasted twice as long as insecure

5. Maternal deprivation

   • critical period, emotional harm and intellectual harm (Goldbarb)
   • 44 thieves

6. Cross cultural differences

   • VK- 32 studies 8 countries- secure most common, cultural practises affect attachment

7. Instutionalisation

   • romaninan orphanages
     • intellectual- the longer they were there before they wereadopted the lower their IQ
       • attachment effects- attention seeking, clinginess, indiscriminate social behaviour
         • Zeanah

8. interactions

   • reciprocity
     • care giver and baby have intense interaction which is the basis of attachment and babies are alert for periods when they are ready for interaction
       • Feldman and Eidelman- mothers normally respond to the alertness 2/3 of time
   • interactional synchrony
     • coordination on micro social level. actions and emoitons mirror eachother

9. Animal studies

   • Harlow: monkeys
   • lorenz: imprinting (attach) to the first thing they see moving after hatching and follow it
     • critical period first few hours and it is automatic

10. Bowlby's theory

    • claimed humans imprint
      • evolved to attach to main care giver- usually mother
        • having special attachment monotropy- this attachment to survive because staying close to mother ensures food and survival
          • strong attahcment is a safe base for confidence to explore and gives us a template for future relationships to trust other cricital period of first 3 years to attach this way or they may never do
            • if there is no attachment it may damage the child's social and emotional development

11. attachment- a close emotional relationship between infants and care givers

12. attached- infants show desire to be close to primary care giver and distress when seperated and pleasure when reunited

13. Maccoby

    • seeking proximity distress on separation joy on reunion orientation of behaviour towards other people

14. Learning theory

    • Behaviourist theory
      • operant conditions- Dollard and Miller- removal of discomfort negative reinforcment
      • Classical condtion- Watson Raynor, association
    • SLT
      • Vicarious reinforcment

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