P1

P1

1. Unit 1 Energy Transfer

   • 1.1
     • Infrared radiation
     • I.R. On the electromagnetic spectrum
       • The sun emits all types of electromagnetic radiation but the atmosphere blocks most of it out.
     • All objects emit I.R
     • *The hotter an object is, the more IR it emits in a given time.*
     • Greenhouse effect
       • - short wavelength infrared radiation from sun can pass through glass to warm the objects inside the greenhouse - infrared radiation from these warm objects is trapped by the glass because the objects emit infrared radiation of longer wavelengths that can't pass through glass
       • Water vapour, methane and CO2 trap IR in atmosphere
         • Global warming - polar ice caps - sea levels rise Reducing use of fossil fuels reduces production of greenhouse gases
   • 1.2
     • Surfaces and radiation
     • Effects of different surfaces
       • - Dark matt surfaces are better at emitting radiation than light shiny surfaces - light shiny surfaces absorb less radiation than dark Matt surfaces - light shiny surfaces reflect more radiation than dark matt surfaces
     • Test by using 2 cans
       • To compare the radiation from 2 different surfaces, you can measure how fast 2 cans of hot water cool. Start temperature and volume of water must be the same.
   • 1.3
     • States of matter
     • State of matter = flow, shape, density + volume
     • Steam = water vapour
       • When it touches a cold surface, the steam condenses and turns to water.
     • Solid CO2 = dry ice
     • Kinetic theory
       • 1. The particles in a solid are held next to each other in fixed positions and vibrate so it keeps its shape.
       • 2. The particles in a liquid are in contact with each other and move about randomly so it can flow.
       • The particles in a gas move about at random much faster and are much further apart from each other than in a liquid. So the density of a gas is much less than both solids and liquids.
       • The particles in solids, liquids and gases have different amounts of energy. In general, gas particles have more than liquid particles and they have more energy than solid particles.
   • 1.6
     • Evaporation and condensation
   • 1.5
     • Convection
   • 1.4
     • Conduction
   • 1.7
     • Energy transfer by design
   • 1.8
     • Specific heat capacity
   • 1.9
     • Heating and insulating buildings

2. Unit 2 Using Energy

3. Unit 3 Electrical Energy

4. Unit 4 Generating Electricity

5. Unit 5 Waves

6. Unit 6 Electromagnetic Waves