Lecture 2

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Four Tissue Classifications

Four tissue types:

Epithelium

Connective Tissue

Muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

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Epithelial Tissue

Classes of Epithelial Tissue

Simple cuboidal

Simple squamous

Stratified squamous

Stratified cuboidal

Transitional

Urinary bladder

Simple Columnar

Intestinal lining

Pseudostratified columnar

trachea

Stratified Columnar

salivary gland duct

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Connective Tissue

connect the epithelium to the rest of the body

provide structure

store energy

transport materials

Loose Connective Tissue

Loose connective tissue

packing materials of the body

three types

Areolar

least specialized, open framework, viscous ground substance, elastic fibers, located between skin and muscle

looks like spaghetti and meatballs

Adipose

contains many adipocytes (fat cells), has lipid filled vacuoles

provides padding and shock absorption as well as energy storage

Two types

White Fat

most common and stores lipids

Brown Fat

more vascularized and adipocytes have many mitochondria

Reticular Tissue

Provides support because of fibers

Located in the liver, kidneys, and spleen to maintain structural shape

Dense Connective Tissue

Connective tissue proper, tightly packed with a high number of collagen or elastic fibers

Dense regular connective tissue

attachment and stabilization

Tightly packed parallel collagen fibers

ligaments (connect bone to bone) and tendon (connect bone to muscle)

contractile- can stretch 100% of resting length

Dense irregular connective tissue

as strength in many directions

interwoven networks of collagen fibers

Elastic Tissue

made of elastic fibers

elastic ligaments of the spinal vertebrae

they are more flexible than regular connective tissue

Fluid Connective Tissues

Fluid Connective tissues are watery matrix of dissolved proteins

include the blood and lymph

carry specific cell types (formed elements)

Supportive Connective Tissue

Supports the soft tissue and body weight

Includes

Bone

Vascular

organic and inorganic

Cartilage

Avascular

Cartilage matrix is composed of proteoglycans derived from sulfates

ground substance is proteins

Cells are surrounded by lacunae

Types of cartlage

Hyaline- prevents bone of bone movement

Fibrocartilage

Elastic cartilage

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Muscle Tissue

Is specialized for contraction

produces all body movements

Classified by

striation patterns

number of nuclei

nervous system control

Types

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary innervation-somatic

multinucleated

Cardiac Muscle

involuntary innervation- autonomic

1-2 nuclei

Smooth Muscle

involuntary innervation- autonomic

1 nuclei

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Neural Tissue

Also called nervous or nerve tissue

Responsible for

Conduction

Sensation

Process

Control

Neural tissue is concentrated in the central nervous system which includes the brain and the spinal chord

2 Types of Neural Calls

Neurons

nerve cells that preform electrical communication

Neuroglia

support cells that repair and supply nutrients to neurons