Network Communication - created from Mind Map

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Devices communicate via a network interface card (NIC) through a type of communication medium

The network protocol is the set of rules the network follows in order to allow data to travel.

Each computer in the network is assigned a unique address. This address allows data to be sent throughout the network

The address is a combination of a physical address in the computer's hardware and a node address distributed by network. One type of addressing is internet protocol (IP) addressing.

IP ADDRESS

When a message is sent the NIC reads the destination address to see if it matches the computer's address.

Made of four octets of numbers

Numbers Range from 0 to 255

First set of numbers indicate the network class. The rest of the numbers tell other devices the exact location of the network,

If it matches the message is delivered

If it doesn't match the message is ignored.

Data is sent in packets from one device to another

The protocol is delivered in multiple layers of communication known as protocol stacks.

These packets contain data with additional Information. This may include the destination address, source address, sequence of the packets and errors in transmission.

Packet switching transfers data by breaking the data into multiple packets.

The network model is typically explained using multiple layers of communication

Layer 4 is the transport layer

Controls the flow of data packets. Ensures they are sequenced correctly without any errors.

Layer 3 is the network layer

Breaks up data into frames and determines the correct path the frame needs to take to arrive at the correct destination

Layer 2 is the data link layer

Packages data in order to be sent to over the physical layer

Layer 1 is the physical layer

Contains networking media and components that can allow a signal to pass from end of a network to another. This layer allows bits of data to travel from one place to another.

Its important to remember this model allows different types of machines to connect and send data to each other

This is only possible if these machines share the same low-level protocols so the data packets can be received and reconstructed.