Biology AQA 3.1.3 Cholera

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PROKARYOTIC CELLS:

No Nucelus

Just genetic material

It contains plasmids

cell wall

cell membrane

capsule

circular DNA

flagella

slime

Cholera Bacterium is an example of a prokrayote

Symptoms of Cholera:

*Diarrhoea

*Stomach Cramps

*Vomiting

*Fever

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HOW CHOLERA AFFECTS THE BODY.

1. Cholera enters the small intestine and secretes toxins. These cause protein channels on the epithelial cells to open

2. Chloride ions (which are within the epithelial cells) then flood into the lumen of the intestine

3. The water potential is then lowered in the lumen, compared to the water potential in the cells

4. Change in the water potential means that water moves from the blood into the small intestine by osmosis (This is in attempt to balance the concentration)

5. The overall concentration of chloride ions is lowered in the cells. This means that ions move from the capillaries and lumen

6. This increases the number of ions in the cells and lowers the water potential in the cells.

THIS PROCESS THEN LEADS TO DIARRHOEA BECAUSE OF AN INCREASE OF WATER IN THE LUMEN

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ORS (Oral Rehydration Therapy)

It Contains:

Water- rehydrate tissue and the water loss from the blood

Sodium- Replace loss sodium ions (Useful in sodium-glucose carrier protein)

Glucose- To stimulate uptake of sodium and provide energy (Also starch is in the body)

Potassium- Replace loss ions and stimulate ions. also replenishes appetite.

Other Electrolytes- Such as chloride and citrate to prevent unbalance.

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It is a cheap treatment and doesn't require much training for administration.

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