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Chapter 7 Psych
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Preguntas del test (40)
1In Sternberg’s model of intelligence, creative intelligence includes
- Aevaluating and doing
- Busing and doing
- Capplying and using
- Dinventing and designing
- Eanalyzing and evaluating
2Concerns with intelligence tests include all of the following EXCEPT
- Athey may be overemphasized
- Bthey may encourage self-fulfilling prophecies
- Cthey may be culturally biased
- Dthere is a lack of access to them
- Ethey can lead to lower expectations
3Which heuristic involves starting with a possible solution and then working in reverse order to see if the data support the solution?
- Abackward-working heuristic
- Binsight heuristic
- Cfunctional fixedness
- Dmeans-end heuristic
- Ecreating subgoals
4Which of the following is the best definition of concept?
- AA mental picture or representation of an object or event
- BA rule of thumb for solving problems or making judgments
- CA comparison between two things based on similar features
- DA system of communication composed of symbols and following particular rules
- EA mental category used to group objects according to shared features
5
In his work on the measurement of intelligence, Binet was initially attempting to- Aidentify intellectually superior individuals
- Bidentify children who would benefit from special education
- Cidentify intellectually gifted children
- Ddetermine which children had enough schooling to go to work
- Edetermine grade placement for school children.
6Regarding intellectual disability, which of the following statements is FALSE?
- AMost individuals with intellectual disability fall in a mild range of severity
- BLow IQ scores are sufficient to determine intellectual disability
- CAbout 1 to 2 percent of those with intellectual disability have severe delays in all areas of development.
- DMany children with intellectual disability are placed in regular classrooms.
- EThe causes of intellectual disability can be biological, environmental, or both.
7
The belief that language affects how we think was first developed by ______, and this idea is presented in the ______.- AWhorf; linguistic relativity hypothesis
- BChomsky; language acquisition hypothesis
- CChomsky; linguistic relativity hypothesis
- DWhorf; language acquisition hypothesis
- E) Sternberg; triarchic linguistic hypothesis
8In language, phonemes are to ______ as morphemes are to ______.
- Asemantics; syntax
- Bsound; meaning
- Cmeaning; semantics
- Dsyntax; semantics
- Elinguistics; grammar
9Regarding theories of intelligence, which of the following statements is FALSE?
- AGardner rejects the view that there is a single entity called “intelligence.”
- BThurstone and his wife, Thelma, developed the Primary Mental Abilities Test.
- CThurstone felt that a general factor of intelligence is sufficient to assess intelligence
- DSpearman believed that intelligence consisted of a general factor and other specific abilities.
- EMost standard IQ tests were developed to measure “g.”
10According to the text, thinking is defined as
- Athe ability to learn and profit from experience
- Bmental awareness and processing
- Cthe cognitive representation of information.
- Dthe mental representation and manipulation of information
- Ethe private mental processes allowing us to interact with the world.
11Based on a few interactions with an ethnic group, Darnell has developed a stereotype of that group. Darnell is demonstrating
- Amental set.
- Bframing.
- Cdivergent thinking.
- Dthe representativeness heuristic
- Ethe availability heuristic
12Celia is a juror at a trial. Based on her reading of newspapers, Celia has already decided that the defendant is guilty. She sticks to her decision even when the defense attorney presents strong contradicting evidence. Celia is demonstrating
- Amental set.
- Bavailability heuristic.
- Crepresentativeness heuristic.
- Dconfirmation bias.
- Efunctional fixedness.
13According to the text, which of the following definitions best describes intelligence?
- Athe ability to hold and manipulate information in mind
- Bthe ability to think clearly in challenging situations
- Cthe ability to conceive of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects
- Dthe capacity to think and reason clearly and to act purposefully and effectively in adapting to the environment
- Ethe ability to perform well on achievement tests in school
14Cognitive psychologists are likely to study all but which of the following topics?
- Aproblem solving
- Bthinking
- Cdevelopment across the life span
- Dlanguage
- Einformation processing
15In Gardner’s model, an architect would likely have high levels of which type of intelligence?
- AIntrapersonal
- BNaturalist
- CLogical-mathematical
- DBodily-kinesthetic
- ESpatial
16The process of establishing norms for a test by giving it to large numbers of people is called
- Avalidity
- Bstandardization
- Cnormalization
- Dpredictability
- Ereliability.
17Spearman proposed that intelligence is composed of
- Aa general factor he termed “g.”
- Bthree aspects – analytic, reactive, and practical.
- Cseven primary mental abilities.
- Deight different factors
- Ea general factor he termed “g” and other specific abilities
18The rules governing proper use of words, phrases, and sentences to convey meaning are called
- Agrammar.
- Bsemantics
- Csyntax.
- Dlanguage.
- Elinguistics
19Beginning the use of one-word phrases is typical for which age group?
- A15 months
- B6 months
- C12 months
- D3 months
- E18 months
20In intelligence testing, norms are
- Athe average scores achieved on IQ tests
- Bcriteria for comparing an individual’s IQ score with those of the general population.
- Cminimum standards for performance on an IQ test.
- Dcontrol questions on IQ tests.
- Etrial questions on IQ tests
21Stan does not realize that his stapler can be used as a paper weight. This is an example of ____.
- Afunctional fixedness
- Blinguistic relativity
- Cconvergent thinking
- Dinterference
22Who developed an artificial language based on plastic chips and trained a chimp to communicate with these chips?
- ABeatrice and Allen Gardner
- BBenjamin Whorf
- CDavid Premack
- DEleanor Rosch
- ENoam Chomsky
23What are the smallest units of meaning in a language?
- Amorphemes
- Bphonemes
- Csyllables
- Dgraphemes
- Eletters of the alphabet
24Concepts defined by specific rules are called
- Anatural concepts
- Blogical concepts
- Calgorithms
- Dintuitive concepts
- Eheuristics
25Mental set is a
- Atendency to rely on problem-solving strategies that worked in the past.
- Bform of the backwards-thinking heuristic
- Ctype of subgoal setting
- Drule of thumb in problem solving.
- Etype of means-end heuristic
26Your best friend takes an IQ test and tells you that s/he scored “average.” Generalizing from the normal distribution of IQ scores, you know that your friend’s score
- Afell somewhere between 85 and 115
- Bwas above 100
- Cwas below 100
- Dwas 100
- Efell somewhere between 115 and 130
27A heuristic is
- Aa sudden realization of the correct solution to a problem.
- Ba step-by-step process for solving a problem
- Cthe most common type of logical concept
- Da mental shortcut for solving a problem
- Ea standard used to compare an individual’s performance on a test with the performance of others
28Which type of imagery is easiest to form?
- Aolfactory
- Btactile
- Cgustatory
- Dvisual
- Eauditory
29Tom’s parents have just been told that Tom has dyslexia. What does this mean?
- AHe has impaired ability in reading
- BHe is intellectually or artistically gifted
- CHe has impaired ability in mathematics
- DTom is hyperactive
- EHe has an intellectual disability
30As cited in the text, many of Albert Einstein’s creative insights involved the use of
- Ausing words to conceptualize physical phenomena.
- Blibrary research.
- Cgroup problem solving
- Dfree association
- Emental imagery
31In its original conception, intelligence quotient was defined as
- Amental age subtracted from chronological age and multiplied by 100
- Bmental age multiplied by chronological age and multiplied by 100
- Cchronological age subtracted from mental age and multiplied by 100
- Dmental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100
- Emental age divided by chronological age and divided by 100
32Karen had been trying to solve a problem for several days when she experienced a sudden awareness of the correct solution to her problem. Karen’s experience describes the concept of
- Aa mental set
- Bconceptual expansion
- Cinsight
- Dfunctional fixedness
- Elinguistic relativity.
33Dr. Fabiano wishes to assess the reliability of an intelligence test he recently developed. Fabiano chooses the test-retest method of assessing reliability. What will Dr. Fabiano have to do?
- AGive the test to a group of subjects and then re-administer it to the same subjects after a short time interval
- BMake certain that he follows uniform procedures in administering the test to different subjects.
- CGive one version of the test to a group of subjects and then re-administer a parallel version of the test to the same subjects
- DGive the test once to a group of subjects and then re-administer the test to a different group of subjects after a short time interval.
- ECompare subjects’ scores on the tests to their performance in academic arenas.
34Regarding intelligence, psychologists have long argued about all but which of the following?
- AHow to measure it
- BHow to define it
- CWhat factors govern it
- DWhether it varies among members of a population
- EWhether different racial and ethnic groups have different levels of intelligence and what accounts for these differences
35Which cognitive bias best describes our tendency to judge people based on first impressions?
- Athe availability heuristic
- Bthe means-end heuristic
- Cthe representativeness heuristic
- Dconfirmation bias
- Edivergent thinking
36A deviation IQ is an IQ score based on
- Athe ratio of mental age to chronological age.
- Ban average score after taking the test repeatedly
- Cthe difference of a person’s test score from the norms for that person’s age group
- Dtypical IQ divided by age
- Etypical IQ divided by grade in school
37When people fail to solve the “box-candle” and “two-string” problems presented in the text, they may be demonstrating
- Ameans-end heuristic.
- Bbackwards-thinking heuristic
- Cfailure to conceptually combine or conceptually expand
- Dlow intelligence
- Efunctional fixedness
38Which of the following statements regarding language development is most strongly supported by the evidence?
- AMany areas of the brain appear to be responsible for producing language
- BScientists recently discovered a language center in the brain that is largely responsible for the use of language
- CAlthough genes are important in many aspects of behavior, scientists do not believe they play a role in language.
- DEvidence shows that language is a function of cultural processes, not underlying biological mechanisms.
- EChomsky showed that the language acquisition device depends on formal training in the rules of grammar.
39Alexander Graham Bell studied the human ear and noticed how sounds were transmitted when a membrane (the eardrum) vibrated. He applied this knowledge to the development of the telephone, using a similar process of vibration of a membrane. Which cognitive process did Bell demonstrate?
- AMental set
- BAnalogy
- CConceptual combination
- DConceptual expansion
- EMetaphor
40Divergent thinking is
- Aconceiving of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects
- Bmaintaining an initial hypothesis despite contradictory evidence.
- Cmaking decisions based on how easily information comes to mind
- Dnarrowing down a range of alternatives to converge on the one correct answer to a problem
- Erelying on previous successful strategies to solve a new problem
Información
- Descripción
- Psych Test sobre Chapter 7 Psych, creado por Talyn Tureaud el 26/11/2018.
- Autor
- Talyn Tureaud
- Idioma
- English
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