Psyc 211 Ch.13 - Learning and Memory

1. 1What is the principle difference between Classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

   1. AClassical conditioning leads to automatic responses and operant conditioning leads to voluntary behaviours
   2. BClassical conditioning leads to voluntary behaviours and operant conditioning leads to automatic responses
   3. CClassical conditioning involves reinforcing or punishing outcomes
   4. DOperant conditioning involves the association between a conditioned and an unconditioned stimulus
2. 2According to Hebb's rule. when a cell persistently activates another nearby cell, the connection between the two cells becomes weaker
   

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
3. 3Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning are forms of stiulus-response learning.

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
4. 4The amygdala is sensitive to [blank_start]aversive[blank_end] stimuli

   1. Aaversive
   2. Bpleasant
5. 5Somatosensory input activates strong synapses in which area of the amygdala?

   1. ALateral nucleus
   2. BBasal nucleus
   3. CCentral nucleus
6. 6Long term potentiation among what kind of synapses in the lateral amygdala help establish conditioned emotional responses.

   1. Aglutamate
   2. BNitric oxide
   3. CDopamine
   4. DHistamine
7. 7Circuits responsible for operant conditioning begin in [blank_start]sensory association[blank_end] cortex and end in [blank_start]motor association cortex[blank_end]
   

   1. Asensory association
   2. Bmotor association cortex
8. 8Which of the following is NOT due to transcortical connections?

   1. Aacquiring episodic memories
   2. Bcomplex behaviors that involve deliberation or instruction
   3. Cmemorizing set of rules which provide scripts to follow
   4. Dlearned behaviours becoming automatic and routine
9. 9When learned behaviours become automatic and routine they are transferred to the basal ganglia

   1. AVerdadero
   2. BFalso
10. 10Which type of neurons play an important role in reinforcement?

    1. ADopaminergic neurons
    2. Bserotonergic neurons
    3. CGlutamatergic neurons

11. 11Dopamine levels are [blank_start]higher[blank_end] during reinforcement

    1. Ahigher
    2. Blower
    3. Cstable
12. 12During reinforcement the [blank_start]prefrontal cortex[blank_end] relays information to the [blank_start]VTA[blank_end]

    1. Aprefrontal cortex
    2. BVTA
13. 13Which of the following is FALSE about the role of the prefrontal cortex and VTA in reinforcement?

    1. AInvolved in devising strategies
    2. BDecreases amount of dopamine in the NAcc (nucleus accumbens)
    3. Cevaluates process towards goal
    4. Djudges appropriateness of one's own behaviour
14. 14Specific kinds of visual information can activate specific regions of the extrastriate cortex

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
15. 15During sleep, information acquired by motor learning is lost.

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
16. 16Damage to which of the following areas leads to difficulty learning automatic responses.

    1. ABasal ganglia
    2. BPrefrontal lobes
    3. CHippocampus
    4. Damygdala
17. 17[blank_start]Dissociated amnesia[blank_end]: When amnesia is not accompanied by any other cognitive deficit
    [blank_start]Anterograde amnesia[blank_end]: Inability to form new memories (Ex. H.M)
    

    1. ADissociated amnesia
    2. BAnterograde amnesia
18. 18Which of the following would a patient with anterograde amnesia NOT be able to do?

    1. AAcquire a response to an unconditioned stimulus. For example, be taught to associate the ringing of a bell with a mild shock and, after many trials, cringe when they hear the bell.
    2. BLearn to use an unfamiliar tool
    3. CLearn to recognize a type of plant they had not seen before they acquired their amnesia.
    4. DRecall a the psychological tests given to them yesterday.
19. 19Which of the following is the role of the hippocampal formation?

    1. AForming declarative memories
    2. BForming non-declarative memories
    3. CRetrieving declarative memories
    4. DRetrieving non-declarative memories
20. 20Memories become more dependent on hippocampal formation the longer they are stored
    

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
21. 21[blank_start]-Sensory memory[blank_end]: A brief period of time that the initial sensation of environmental stimuli is initially remembered
    [blank_start]-Short-term memory[blank_end]: Contains information from sensory memory only if it is meaningful or salient enough
    [blank_start]-Long term memory[blank_end]: Information from short-term that gets consolidated
    [blank_start]-Semantic memories[blank_end]: Involve facts, but not information about the context in which the facts were learned
    [blank_start]-Spatial memory[blank_end]: Right hippocampal formation becomes active when a person remembers or performs a navigational task
    

    1. A-Sensory memory
    2. B-Short-term memory
    3. C-Semantic memories
    4. D-Spatial memory
    5. E-Long term memory
22. 22What is the average number of items people can hold in their short-term memory?

    1. A7
    2. B8
    3. C6
    4. D9
    5. E5
23. 23Each of the sense initially remembers sensation from the environment for milliseconds-seconds

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
24. 24Semantic memories involve both facts and the context in which they were learned

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
25. 25Where are semantic memories stored?

    1. Aanterolateral temporal lobe of the neocortex
    2. Bcaudate nucleus
    3. Cright superior frontal gyrus
    4. Dextrastriate cortex
26. 26Which region of the brain is active when a person remembers or performs a navigational task?

    1. ARight hippocampal formation
    2. Banterolateral temporal lobe of the neocortex
    3. CCaudate nucleus
    4. DRight superior frontal gyrus
    5. EPrefrontal cortex
27. 27In an experiment in which rats are placed in a maze with food in each arm, which of the following is true?

    1. A-Rats with lesioned right hippocampal formations go down each arm only once.
       -Normal rats return
    2. B-Rats with lesioned right hippocampal formations return
       -Normal rats go down each arm only once.
28. 28Once a memory is formed it cannot be changed

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
29. 29[blank_start]Hippocampus[blank_end] receives spatial information from the [blank_start]parietal lobes[blank_end] by means of the [blank_start]entorhinal cortex[blank_end]
    

    1. AHippocampus
    2. Bparietal lobes
    3. Centorhinal cortex
30. 30What is the role of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) in long term potentiation?

    1. AOpen calcium ion channels allowing for high rate of electrical pulses necessary for LTP
    2. BOpen calcium ion channels allowing for slower rate of electrical pulses necessary for LTP
    3. CClose calcium ion channels allowing for high rate of electrical pulses necessary for LTP
    4. DClose calcium ion channels allowing for slower rate of electrical pulses necessary for LTP
31. 31 AMPA Receptors decrease the synaptic strength that occur during LTP
    

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso
32. 32Post-synaptic changes can cause the growth of new dendritic spines
    

    1. AVerdadero
    2. BFalso

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Psychology Test sobre Psyc 211 Ch.13 - Learning and Memory, creado por Alexandra L el 15/04/2022.

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