Definitions for phylogeny

1. 1Phylogenetics- the study of the [blank_start]branching[blank_end] of populations as they give rise to [blank_start]multiple[blank_end] descendent populations over [blank_start]evolutionary[blank_end] time

   1. Abranching
   2. Bmultiple
   3. Cevolutionary
2. 2Phylogenetic tree- a [blank_start]visual[blank_end] representation in a form of [blank_start]bifurcating[blank_end] tree, of the evolutionary [blank_start]relationship[blank_end] between species, genera, families, etc.

   1. Avisual
   2. Bbifurcating
   3. Crelationship
3. 3Trait- any [blank_start]observable[blank_end] characteristic of an [blank_start]organism[blank_end]

   1. Aobservable
   2. Borganism
4. 4Taxon- a [blank_start]group[blank_end] of related [blank_start]organisms[blank_end]

   1. Agroup
   2. Borganisms
5. 5Nodes- branch points where tree [blank_start]splits[blank_end]. These represent common [blank_start]ancestors[blank_end] to the species that come after the splitting

   1. Asplits
   2. Bancestors
6. 6Sister Taxa- [blank_start]taxa[blank_end] derived from the same [blank_start]node[blank_end] (common ancestry)

   1. Anode
   2. Btaxa
7. 7Clade- a [blank_start]group[blank_end] of species that share a single common [blank_start]ancestor[blank_end]

   1. Agroup
   2. Bancestor
8. 8[blank_start]monophyletic[blank_end] group- a group consisting of all descendants of the group's common ancestry (and no other members)

   1. Amonophyletic
9. 9[blank_start]Polyphyletic[blank_end]- a group that does not contain the common ancestor of its members and/or its descendants

   1. APolyphyletic
10. 10[blank_start]Paraphyletic[blank_end] groups- a group that includes the most common ancestor but not all of its descendants

    1. AParaphyletic

11. 11[blank_start]Homologous[blank_end] traits- traits found in two or more species because they [blank_start]inherited[blank_end] the trait from a [blank_start]common[blank_end] ancestor.

    1. AHomologous
    2. Binherited
    3. Ccommon
12. 12[blank_start]Analogous[blank_end] traits- traits shared by two or more species not by common [blank_start]descent[blank_end] but because some evolutionary process fashioned similar traits in each species.

    1. AAnalogous
    2. Bdescent
13. 13[blank_start]Divergent evolution[blank_end]- when closely related species (or populations) diverge from one another because natural selection acts differently on them

    1. ADivergent evolution
14. 14[blank_start]Convergent evolution[blank_end]- when two or more species or populations become similar because they are exposed to similar selection pressures.

    1. AConvergent evolution
15. 15[blank_start]Derived trait[blank_end]- a trait that has changed state from the ancestral over time

    1. ADerived trait
16. 16[blank_start]Synapomorphy[blank_end]- a derived trait that is shared in two populations because it was inherited from a common ancestor

    1. ASynapomorphy
17. 17[blank_start]Homoplasy[blank_end]- a trait that is similar in two or more species because of convergent evolution and not common ancestry

    1. AHomoplasy
18. 18[blank_start]symplesiomorphy[blank_end]- a derived trait that has arisen so recently it appear in only one of the two sister taxa

    1. Asymplesiomorphy
19. 19[blank_start]Parsimony[blank_end]- method of explaining observed characters by the minimum number of evolutionary changes

    1. AParsimony
20. 20Construct trees based on four things:
    1. [blank_start]Parsimony[blank_end]- search for trees that have the minimum number of evolutionary changes to explain traits
    2. [blank_start]Distance[blank_end]- compute the "distance" (count of changes) between individuals. Individuals with a similar count are more related
    3. [blank_start]Maximum likelihood[blank_end]- explicit model how characters change using an evolutionary model
    4. [blank_start]Bayesian[blank_end]- explicitly model how characters change using an evolutionary model

    1. ABayesian
    2. BMaximum likelihood
    3. CDistance
    4. DParsimony

Descripción

Evolution Test sobre Definitions for phylogeny , creado por Alex Houser el 21/11/2016.

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Alex Houser

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