Test
Cell Physiology and General Physiology of Excitable Tissues- Physiology PMU 2nd Year
Preguntas del test (60)
1Hormones:
- Aare chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the blood stream
- Bmay be secreted by endocrine glands
- Cmay be secreted by nerve cells
- Dact only on target cells
- Eall of the above
2For an action potential to occur
- Athe stimulus must reach or exceed threshold
- BK+ influx must exceed Na+ efflux
- CThe cell membrane must be out of the relative refractory period
- DThe cell membrane must be in absolutely refractory period
- ECl- influx must exceed K+ efflux
3During the rising phase of the action potential
- Avoltage-gated Na+ channels open
- Bvoltage-gated K+ channels open
- Cvoltage-gated Na+ channels close
- Dvoltage-gated K+ channels close
- Evoltage-gated Cl- channels apex
4The concept of homeostasis
- Arefers to the unwavering control of a physiological set point
- Brefers to maintaining physiological functions in a stable condition
- Crefers only to the regulation of body temperature
- Drefers to maintaining a stable external environment
- Erefers to the 'all-or-one' law
5The plasma membrane
- Ais permeable to lipophilic molecules
- Bmay contain proteins, which confer iron permeability
- Cmay burst in hypotonic extracellular solutions
- Dcan generate action potentials in excitable cells
- Eall of the above
6Overcooling the nerve will cause
- Adecrease of the threshold
- Bincrease of the liability
- Cincrease of the excitability
- Dincrease of the threshold
- Eincreased release of neurotransmitters
7The properties of local response:
- A'all-or-none’ law
- Btransmission with energy consumption
- Cwithout energy consumption
- Dsummation
- Eexcitability is decreased
8A “less negative" membrane potential means:
- Ait is “more positive” than the resting potential
- Bit is closer to zero mV
- Cthe resting membrane potential is closer to the sodium equilibrium
- Dslight depolarization
- Eall of the above
9The membrane of a typical resting neuron is largely impermeable to
- ANa+
- BK+
- CCl-
- DCa2+
- Enone of the above
10The ion with the lowest intracellular concentration is:
- ANa+
- BHCO3
- CCa2+
- DMg2+
- EK+
11The most common intracellular cation is:
- Acalcium
- Bsodium
- Cpotassium
- Dphosphorus
- Emagnesium
12What is the normal pH value of body fluid?
- A7.15-7.25
- B7.35-7.45
- C7.55-7.65
- D7.00-7.35
- E6.5-7.5
13Which of the following requires energy?
- ADiffusion
- BOsmosis
- CActive transport
- DFacilitated diffusion
- EFiltration
14Which of the following is not found in the cell membrane?
- ACholestrol
- BPhospholipids
- CProteins
- DGalactose
- ENucleic acids
15The local response is:
- AA potential that is generated as a result of the action of a subthreshold stimulus and propagated along the nerve cell membrane
- BA potential that is generated as a result of the action of a superthreshold stimulus and propagated along the nerve cell membrane
- CA potential that is generated as a result of the action of a subthreshold stimulus and could be registered only at the site of irritation
- DA potential that is generated on the postsynaptic membrane as a result of the action of a mediator
- EA potential that is generated as a result of the action of a superthreshold stimulus and could be registered only at the site of irritation
16The oculocardiac reflex is an example of:
- Asoma-somatic reflex
- Bsoma-visceral reflex
- Cviscera-somatic reflex
- Dviscera-visceral reflex
- Eintegrated conditioned reflex
17Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter with the highest affinity to:
- Aα-adrenergic receptors
- Bβ-adrenergic receptors
- Cα- and β-adrenergic receptors
- DN-choline receptors
- EM-choline receptors
18The parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons of the ANS secrete
- ANor-epinephrine (98%) and epinephrine (2%)
- BAcetylcholine
- CL-DOPA
- DNor-epinephrine (2%) and epinephrine (98%)
- EEpinephrine (80%) and nor-epinephrine (20%)
19The critical (firing) level of depolarization is
- Aa level of AP at which depolarization goes into repolarisation
- Ba level of AP at which repolarization goes into depolarization
- Ca degree of depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane at which further action of the neurotransmitter is abolished
- Da degree of depolarization of the nerve cell membrane at which its sources of energy are completely exhausted
- Ea degree of depolarization of the excitable membrane at which its intensity does not depend on irritant action
20A structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another cell (neural or otherwise) with excitatory or inhibitory effects is called:
- Asynapse
- Bjuxtaglomerular apparatus
- Cintercalated disc
- DGolgi apparatus
- Emodulator
21H1 receptors are situated an the smooth muscle cell membrane of the:
- Agastrointestinal tract
- Burinary tract
- Cbronchi
- Duterus
- Eblood vessels
22The adrenergic effect an the cardiac conduction system and working myocardium is exercised by affecting:
- AM-choline receptors
- Bα1 receptors
- Cα2 receptors
- Dβ1 receptors
- Eβ2 receptors
23The parasympathetic spinal centers, regulating the reservoir functions, are situated in the following
- AC8-Th1
- BTh1-Th8
- CTh10-L2
- DS2-S4
- EL2-L4
24Facilitated diffusion is a mechanism:
- AConnected with loss of energy
- BFor transporting substances against their concentration gradient
- CConnected with membrane polarity
- DThat works with the help of a carrier in the membrane
- EFor transporting lipid soluble substances through the membrane
25A distinguishing feature of the membrane potential at rest is:
- Ahigh permeability for K+ ions
- Blow permeability for Cl- ions
- Clow permeability for Na+ and high for K+ ions
- Dthe small difference between the equilibrium potentials for Na+ and K+ ions
- Elow permeability for Na+
26Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which has:
- Aalways an excitatory effect on the postsynaptic membrane
- Balways an inhibitory effect on the postsynaptic membrane
- Cexcitatory or inhibitory effect on the postsynaptic membrane depending on the type of receptors
- Dexcitatory or inhibitory effect depending on the amount released
- Eno effect on the postsynaptic membrane
27The common expression of excitation is:
- Athe action potential
- Bmuscle cell contraction
- Cnerve cell conduction and excitation
- Dglandular cell secretion
- Emembrane transport
28Curare is a substance that blocks
- AM-choline receptors
- Bα-adrenergic receptors
- Cβ-adrenergic receptors
- DN-choline receptors in neuromuscular synapses
- Eall types of cholinoreceptors
29An example of a ligand dependent membrane is
- Athe postsynaptic membrane
- Bthe axon membrane
- Cthe nodes of Ranvier
- Dthe skeletal muscle cell membrane
- Ethe axon hillock
30Throughout the relative refractory period:
- Athe excitability becomes equal to zero
- Bthe excitability is equal to that at rest
- Cthe excitability is higher than that at rest
- Daccommodation occurs
- Ethe excitability is lower than that at rest
31Na/K pump is called electrogenic, because:
- Aexports equal amount of Na+ and K+
- Bimports equal amount of Na+ and K+
- Cexchanges equal amount of Na+ and K+
- Dthe exchanged amount of Na+, and K+ is not equal
- Enone of the above
32The conditioned reflexes are:
- Atypical of the species
- Binborn
- Cpermanent
- Dformed on the basis of unconditioned reflexes
- Eall of the above
33Which of the statements is not true:
- Aat the chemical synapse transmission of excitation is one way
- Bat most of the electrical synapses transmission is two-way
- Cthe velocity of transmission of excitation is higher at the chemical synapses than at the electrical ones
- Dthe velocity of transmission of excitation is greater at the electrical synapses than at the chemical ones
- Ewhen there is continuous excitation at a synapse, fatigue occurs
34Which is the basic inhibitory neurotransmitter in CNS:
- AGlutamate
- BSubstance P
- CNeuropeptide 4
- DGABA
- ENitric Oxide
35The basic factor for the ion asymmetry on both sides of the excitable membrane is
- ACa++ pump and the low permeability for Na+
- BNa+ pump and the low permeability for Na+
- CNa+/K+ pump and the low permeability for Na+
- DK+ pump and the high permeability for Na+
- EIodine pump
36The velocity of AP propagation along the axon membrane depends on:
- Athe strength of irritation
- Bthe duration of irritation
- Cthe cross sectional area of the axon
- Dthe direction of its propagation
- Ethe threshold
37The sympathetic postganglionic neurons secrete:
- Anorepinephrine (98%) and epinephrine (2%)
- Bacetylcholine
- CL-DOPA
- Dnorepinephrine (2%) and epinephrine (98%)
- Eepinephrine (20%) and norepinephrine (80%)
38The result of activated α1-adrenergic receptors is:
- Arelaxation of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscles and contraction of the sphincters
- Bconstriction of the vessels smooth muscle
- Cincreased heart rate
- Ddilation of the vessels smooth muscle and relaxation of the uterus
- Enone of the above
39The result of activated α2-adrenergic receptors is:
- Arelaxation of the gastrointestinal tract smooth muscles and contraction of the sphincters
- Bconstriction of the vessels smooth muscle
- Cincreased heart rate
- Ddilation of the vessels smooth muscle and relaxation of the uterus
- Enone of the above
40Protein synthesis occurs at the
- Amitochondria
- Blysosomes
- Cwithin the nucleus
- Dribosomes
- Evacuoles
41During repolarization of the cell membrane:
- ANa+ move inside of the cell
- BNa+ move outside of the cell
- CK+ move inside of the cell
- DK+ move outside of the cell
- ECl- move outside of the cell
42In a cell, movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration:
- Auses facilitated diffusion
- Brequires cellular energy
- Cis passive transport
- Drequires both cellular energy and facilitated diffusion
- Euses its concentration gradient to move
43Movement of solvent and dissolved substances across a cell membrane by hydrostatic pressure is:
- Afiltration
- Bfacilitated diffusion
- Cosmosis
- Dsimple diffusion
- Eactive transport
44The substance acetylcholine (ACh) is released from synaptic vesicles by the process of:
- Aphagocytosis
- Bsimple diffusion
- Cpassive transport
- Dexocytosis
- Eendocytosis
45Cell membranes
- Aare formed entirely by protein molecules
- Bare impermeable to fat soluble substances
- Cin some tissues permit transport of glucose at a greater rate in the presence of insulin
- Dare not changed throughout life
- Eare permeable to water soluble substances
46Proteins that are secreted by cells are generally:
- Anot synthesized on ribosomes that are bound to endoplasmic reticulum
- Bsynthesized in the mitochondria
- Cpacked in the Golgi apparatus
- Dacross the cell membrane by endocytosis
- Esynthesized in the lysosomes
47The unique feature in mitochondria is:
- Amyosin
- Bactin
- CDNA
- Dprothrombin
- Ehaemoglobin
48The resting membrane potential of a cell:
- Ais dependent on the permeability of the cell membrane to K+ being greater to Na+
- Bfalls to zero if Na+/K+ ATPase in the membrane is inhibited
- Cis equal to the equilibrium potential for K+
- Dis equal to the equilibrium potential of Na+
- Eis equal to the equilibrium potential of Cl-
49Many substances are removed from the cell to the outside by:
- Apinocytosis
- Bchemotaxis
- Cphagocytosis
- Dexocytosis
- Eendocytosis
50An example of co-transport is:
- ANa+-K+ pump
- BCa++ pump
- CNa+-H+ pump
- DNa+ glucose transport
- ENa/Ca pump
51Mitochondria:
- Aare the Chief site for lipid synthesis
- Bare the chief site for protein synthesis
- Care the chief sites for generation of ATP
- Dare more numerous in white than in brown fat cells
- Eare absent near the membranes of actively secreting cells
52The endoplasmic reticulum:
- Ais a complex system of intracellular tubules
- Bhas a membrane structure similar to the cell membrane
- Cis associated with ribonucleoprotein
- Dis well developed in secretory cells
- Eall of the above
53The mammalian cell membrane:
- Ais seen as an optically dense line using light microscopy
- Bconsists mainly of protein
- Cis more permeable to fat- than to water-soluble particles
- Dcontains enzymes DNA
- Econtains the receptors for steroid hormones
54Membrane ion channels:
- Aconsist mainly of carbohydrates and lipids
- Bhave a specific structure for each ion species
- Cfor sodium may be blocked by tetrodotoxin
- Dconsist mainly of lipids
- Eremain open as long as the activating signal is present
55The speed of conduction of a nerve impulse can be determined by which of the following factors?
1. temperature 2. diameter of axon 3. stimulus frequency 4. myelin sheath; 5. stimulus strength- A1,3, 5 and 4
- B1, 2 and 3
- C3 and 1
- D3 and 2
- E4, 2 and 1
56The junction between one neuron and the next, or between a neuron and an effector is called:
- Aa synapse
- Ba dendrite
- Ca neurotransmitter
- Da ventricle
- Enone of the above
57Which of the following blocks acetylcholine receptor sites causing muscle relaxation?
- Anovocain
- Bcurare
- Cnicotine
- Dnerve gases
- Ecarbon monoxide
58Transmission across a synapse is dependent on the release of?
- Aneurotransmitters
- Bsynaptic vesicle
- Cneurons
- Dreceptor proteins
- Ehormones
59Saltatory conduction:
- Aoccurs only in myelinated fibres
- Bhas a slower velocity in cold than in warm conditions
- Cis faster than non-saltatory conduction in nerve fibres with diameters around 10 μm
- Dtransmits impulses with a velocity proportional to fibre diameter
- Eall of them
60An action potential in a nerve fibre:
- Aoccurs when its membrane potential is hyperpolarized to a critical level
- Bis associated with a transient increase in membrane permeability to sodium
- Cis associated with a transient decrease in membrane permeability to potassium
- Dinduces local response
- Ehas an amplitude which varies directly with the strength of stimulus
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- Cell Physiology and General Physiology of Excitable Tissues- Physiology PMU 2nd Year
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- Med Student
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