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TV4001 - Clinical Pathology, blood smear
Fichas del conjunto (31)
- 1What can you use a blood smear for?Platelet clumps + estimated counts
Estimating WBC concentration
RBC density
ID parasites
Verify automated results - 2Which tube + anticoagulant would you use for blood smears?EDTA
- compatible with stains
- preserves cell morphology
Must be filled correctly + used immediately - 3How would you store both the blood sample and blood smear?Blood sample - refrigerate or store in cooler with ice bricks (wrap in paper towel)
Blood smear - in glass slide carriers (NOT in cooler!) - 4What stains are commonly used for blood smears?Wrights or DIff-Quick stains
- Fixative, eosin dye, methylene blue dye - 5What order do you look at a blood smear in?10 x smear quality evaluation
100 x platelet count + morphology
10x WBC count
100 x WBC differential count
10 x RBC arrangement
100 x RBC morphology - 6What do you look for in 10 x quality scan?Assess body, monolayer, and feathered edge
- look for platelet clumps, parasites, abnormally large cells, and WBC clumps
- Pick optimal monolayer area - 7How do you calculate platelet count?Count 3-10 fields and find the average/field
Multiply the average by 20
<3 platelets/HPF or 30-60 x10^9/L = spontaneous bleeding
10 platelets/HPF minimum for health - 8Which species is prone to having platelet clumps?Cats
- 9How do you count WBCs?Count average of 3-10 fields
Divide average by 4 - 10What are you counting in WBC differential count and how?Neutrophils + BAND neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes
Battlement technique - 11What are reactive lymphocytes?Active - increased immunoglobulin
- 12Describe eosinophils from different speciesHorse - mulberry look
Cat - rod-shape granules
Dog and cow - normal granules - 13What is the biggest leukocyte in circulation?Monocytes
- 14List species in descending order of having RBC central pallorDog > cat > ruminants
- 15What is rouleaux, and which species is prone to it?Stacking fo RBCs due to the charges between RBC and plasma macromolecules
Horses - 16What increases rouleaux?Hyperglobulinemia
Hyperfibrinogenemia - 17How can you differentiate rouleaux from agglutination?Immerse in saline (dilute out plasma macromolecules)
- 18What is basophilic stippling and what can it indicate?A normal finding in ruminants, RBCs contain basophilic granules
Can be non-specific indicator of regeneration - 19What is agglutination?Clumping of RBCs due to Ag presentation and antibody bonding
- immune mediated haemolytic anaemia - 20What is anisocytosis and which species is it normal?Variation in RBC size
Cattle and cats - 21What is polychromasia and what is it indicative of?Increased basophilia of a cell due to higher nuclear/protein content
Indicative of regeneration
- Polychromatophils/reticulocytes - 22What is hypochromasia and what is it indicative of?Increased central pallor and/or paler RBC
- Iron deficiency - 23What are microcytes indicative of?Iron deficiency (haemoglobin deficiency)
Porto-systemic shunts - 24What are macrocytes indicative of?Regeneration
Neoplasia
Artifact - overheated sample - 25What is the term for abnormally shaped RBCs?Poikilocytes
- 26What are specific indicators of regeneration?Polychromatophils/reticulocytes
- 27What are non-specific indicators of regeneration?Anisocytosis
Basophilic stippling
Metarubricytes - 28How do you calculate the absolute reticulocyte count?Reticulocyte count = no. reticulocytes/1000 RBCs
Absolute count = reticulocyte count x [RBC] x 1000 - 29What are the aggregate reticulocyte serum levels in dogs and cats that indicate regeneration?>60-80 x 10^9/L dogs
>50 x 10^9/L cats - 30Differentiate aggregate from punctate reticulocytesAggregate are early-stage reticulocytes and have more reticulant in them; punctate are more mature reticulocytes
Punctate seen in cats with mild or chronic anaemia - 31What can punctate reticulocytes be confused for?Mature RBCs, Heinz bodies (oxidative damage), Mycoplasma infection
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- (Small animal veterinary medicine) Veterinary Medicine Fichas sobre TV4001 - Clinical Pathology, blood smear, creado por Alinta Kalns el 21/03/2018.
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- Alinta Kalns
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