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Development Vocab
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- 1Brainthe organ in your head made of nerves that processes information and controls behaviour
- 2Forebrainthe anterior part of the brain, including the hemispheres and the central brain structures
- 3Midbrainthe middle section of the brain forming part of the central nervous system
- 4Hindbrainthe lower part of the brain that includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata
- 5Anteriordirected towards the front, when used in relation to biology
- 6Posteriordirected towards the back, when used in relation to biology
- 7Cerebelluman area of the brain near to the brainstem that controls motor movements (muscle activity)
- 8Medulla oblongataconnects the upper brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic responses
- 9Involuntary responsea response to a stimulus that occurs without making a conscious choice
- 10Neural connectionslinks formed by messages passing from one nerve cell (neuron) to another
- 11Cognitivethinking, including problem-solving, perceiving, remembering & using language and reasoning
- 12Operationshow we reason and think about things (how we 'operate')
- 13Object permanenceknowing something exists even if it is out of sight
- 14Symbolic playchildren play using objects and ideas to represent other objects and ideas
- 15Egocentrismunable to see the world from any other view than one's own (not in a selfish way, in a scientific way)
- 16Animismbelieving that objects that are not alive can behave as if they are
- 17Centrationfocusing on one feature of a situation and ignoring other relevant features
- 18Irreversibilitynot understanding that an action can be reversed to return to the original state
- 19Moralitygeneral principles about what is right and wrong, including good and bad behaviour
- 20Schema(s)/schemata (development)mental representations of the world based on one's own experiences. The plural of schema is 'schemata' though 'schemas' is also used
- 21Adaptionusing assimilation and accomodation to make sense of the world
- 22Assimilationincorporating new experiences into existing schemas
- 23Accommodationwhen a schema has to be changed to deal with a new experience
- 24Equilibriumwhen a child's schemas can explain all that they experience; a state of mental balance
- 25Subjectivebased on personal opinion or feelings
- 26Validitywhen the results of a study represent the situation they are testing (in real life)
- 27Mindseta set of beliefs someone has that guides how someone responds to or interprets a situation
- 28Abilitywhat someone can do, such as maths ability. Dweck suggests ability can be seen as fixed & innate or as able to be improved
- 29Effortwhen you try to do better using determination
- 30Fixed mindsetbelieving your abilities are fixed and unchangeable
- 31Growth mindsetbelieving practice and effort can improve your abilities
- 32Working memoryhas different parts for processing information coming in from our senses, including visual and sound data, and also involves a decision-making part
- 33Short-term memoryour initial memory store that is temporary and limited
- 34Long-term memorya memory store that holds potentially limitless amounts of information for up to a lifetime
- 35Motor skillsactions that involve muscles and brain processes, resulting in movement
- 36Decentrationbeing able to separate yourself from the world and take different views of a situation, the opposite of being egocentric
- 37Social learninglearning by observing and copying others
- 38Self-regulationlimiting and controlling yourself without influence from others
- 39Natureexplanations of behaviour that focus on innate factors (the things we are born with)
- 40Nurtureexplanations of behaviour that focus on environmental factors (the things that happen to us)
- 41Qualitative datadata that is descriptive - not numbers
- 42Reliabilitythe consistency of an outcome or result of an investigation (a measure)
- 43Frameworka basic understanding of ideas and facts that is used when making decisions
- 44Process praisesomeone praises what is being done, rather than the individual
- 45Person praisesomeone praises the individual rather than what they are doing
- 46Entity theory/motivational frameworka belief that behaviour or ability results from a person's nature
- 47Incremental theory/motivational frameworka belief that effort drives behaviour and ability, which can change
- 48Ecological validitythe extent to which the findings still explain the behaviour in real life situations
- 49Ethicsmoral principles about how someone should behave in a society
- 50Debriefafter an investigation, participants are given full disclosure of the study
- 51Generalisabilitythe extent to which the results of a study represent the whole populations, not just the sample used
- 52Moralsstandards of right and wrong behaviours that can different between cultures and can depend on the situation
- 53Moral developmentchildren's growing understanding about right and wrong
- 54Heteronomousrules put into place by others
- 55Autonomousrules can be decided by the individual
- 56Normssociety's values and customs, which a person in that society would be governed by
- 57Nativist theoriestheories that view morality as part of human nature
Información
- Descripción
- Chapter One - Development. All the psychological vocab
- Creado por
- Caitlyn Salter
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