10246349
Description
Flashcards by Ben Godwin, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ben Godwin
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Cells and Microscopy (P.11-13) | Cells and Microscopy (P.11-13) |
| Name five sub cellular structures that both plant and animal cells have? | Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria and Ribosomes |
| What three things do plant cells have that animal cells don't? | Rigid Cell Wall, Permanent Vacuole, Chloroplasts |
| Where is the genetic material found in animal cells? | Nucleus |
| Where is the genetic material found in bacterial cells? | In the cytoplasm floating freely. |
| What type of organisms are bacteria - prokaryotes or eukaryotes? | Prokaryotes |
| Which gives a higher resolution - a light microscope or an electron microscope? | Electron Microscope |
| Differentiation and Division (P.14-15) | Differentiation and Division (P.14-15) |
| What is cell differentiation? | Differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job. |
| Give three ways that a sperm cell is adapted for swimming to an egg cell | It has a tail to help it move and find the egg. It has mitochondria in the cell to provide the energy needed. It carries enzymes in its head to digest through the egg cell membrane. |
| What are chromosomes? | A thread-like structure packed with DNA. The DNA is coiled around proteins called histones. |
| What is the cell cycle? | A series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA. |
| What is mitosis used for by multicellular organisms? | It is used to grow and repair the organism |
| Stem Cells (P.16) | Stem Cells (P.16) |
| Give two ways that embryonic stem cells could be used to cure diseases? | It can be used by making insulin-producing cells to treat people with diabetes. Stem cells transferred from the bone marrow of a healthy person can replace faulty blood cells in the person who receives them. |
| Why Might some people be opposed to the use of human embryos in the stem cell research? | Some people believe you should because one is a potential human life. |
| Exchanging Substances (P.17-22) | Exchanging Substances (P.17-22) |
| What is Diffusion? | Diffusion is the spread of particles from a region where they are in high concentration to a region of low concentration. |
| Give three substances that can diffuse through cell membranes, and two that can't. | Can: Oxygen, Glucose, Amino Acids and Water Cant: Starch and Proteins |
| What type of molecules move by osmosis? | In osmosis water molecules are moved. |
| Give the two main differences between active transport and diffusion? | Diffusion doesn't require energy. Active transport does require energy. |
| Give three adaptations of exchange surfaces that increase the efficiency of diffusion? | Having a large surface area for greater exchange – achieved by having a folded surface. Having a thin exchange surface for a short diffusion distance. Maintaining ventilation of the surface through breathing - this always ensures that a concentration gradient is maintained. |
| Give two Ways that the villi in the small intestine are adapted for absorbing digested food? | The surface area is increased so that digested food is absorbed much more quickly. They have a good blood supply to assist quick absorption. |
| Explain how leaves are adapted to maximise the amount of carbon dioxide that gets to their cells? | The air spaces inside the leaf increase the area of this surface so there's more chance of carbon dioxide to get into the cells.. |
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