Flashcards
Week 6 Central Nervous System (CNS) and Pharmacology
Cards in this deck (19)
- 12 main CNS pathwaysserotonin and 5-HT
important for sleep, mood, hallucinations, sensory transmission
mostly g-protein coupled receptors - 2Main dopamine pathways in the CNSmesolimbic pathway- brain reward system, facilitates learning, activated by drugs of dependence (DA release or blocks DA uptake)
nigrostriatal pathway- deficiency of dopamine in this pathway, associated with parkinsons - 3Acetylcholine, AchCNS, brain stem, cortex and hippocampus, involved in parkinsons and alzheimers
- 4Amino acidsglutamate and aspartate= excitatory neurotransmitters
invloved in neurogenerative disorders, brain damage, strokes - 5GABAinhibitory neurotransmitters
GABA -A ligand receptors bind benzos, CNS depressants, alcohol
GABA-B G-protein linked receptors inhibit neurotransmitter release - 6Depressionneurotransmitters: NA, 5-HT depletion
- 7Depression treatmentsalter amine storage, release or uptake within CNS
SSRI= 5-HT uptake
Tricyclics (TCA)= 5 HT > NA uptake
Selective MAOI type A= prevents breakdown of 5-HT, NA, reversible, mainly CNS - 8Adverse effects of depression treatmentsSSRI= headache, nausea
TCAs= dry mouth, blurred vision, sedation, confusion
MAOI type A= negligible cardiovascular effects - 9Schizophrenianeurotransmitter: DA, 5 HT overactivity
- 10Treatments for schizophreniacontrol positive symptoms, hallucinations, delusions but not always negative symptoms mood
antipsychotics- CNS effects
Typical: block DA receptors, mainly the D2 (chlorpropazine)
Atypical: mostly block 5 HT receptors (clozapine) - 11Adverse effects of schizoprenia treatmentsTypical: can cause movement disorders, dry mouth, postural hypotension, sedation
Atypical: reduction in white cell numbers - 12Parkinsons diseaseprogressice degeneration of DA neurons in the substantia nigra
- 13Parkinson treatmentlevodopa (precursor of DA) and carbidopa (peripehral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor)
- 14Parkinson treatment adverse effectsnausea, confusion, nightmares, with prolonged use of levodopa (2 years), it becomes less effective.
- 15Alcohol CNS depressantAlcohol causes activation of GABA-A receptor and inhibition of glutamate (NMDA type) receptor in brain.
alcohol indirectly stimulates the release of endogenous opiods and dopamine int he brain reward system via inhibition of GABA neurons - 16BACblood alcohol concentration, amount of gram per 100 mililitres of blood, vary in genders, age, body size, liver, genetics
- 17alcohol is metabolised bymostly in liver and acetaldehyde is a toxic short lived metabolite, at low BAC, euphoric effect, loss of emotional restraint, mild impairment of judgement
at high BACs, memory is affected, coma, death, stupor - 18Nicotineimprove cognitive function, mood, anxiety, decrease appetite
is a nAch receptor agonist and stimulates the dopamine reward pathway in brain, therefore enhancing dependency - 19chronic use with nicotinetolerance, withdrawal syndrome, mood, dysphoria, irritability, anxiety
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- Nursing Flashcards on Week 6 Central Nervous System (CNS) and Pharmacology, created by Elizabeth Then on 10/09/2017.
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- Elizabeth Then
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