Flashcards
5.1 Electron Structure
Cards in this deck (29)
- 1What are shells?- Shells are regarded as energy levels.
- The energy increases as the shell number increases.
- The shell number or energy level number is called the principle quantum number n. - 2What is the maximum number of electrons in a shell n is given by?2n^2
- 3What is atomic orbitals?Region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins.
- 4What can an electron be thought of?Negative-charged cloud with the shape of the orbital, electron cloud.
- 53 facts about atomic orbitals?- An orbital can hold one or two electrons, but no more.
- There are different types of orbitals s, p, d and f orbitals.
- Each type of orbital has a different shape. - 6What is an s-orbital?Electron cloud in shape of a sphere
Can hold 1 or 2 electrons.
- Each shell from n=1 contains 1 orbital
- Greater the shell number, n, the greater the radius of its s-orbital - 7What is an p-orbital?Electron cloud in shape of a dumb-bell.
One orbital can contain 1 or 2 electrons.
3 Seperate p-orbitals at right angles to one another (Px, Py and Pz).
- Each shell from n=2 contains three p-orbitals
- Greater the shell number, n, the further the p orbital is from the nucleus. - 8What is a d-orbital?Each shell from n=3 contains 5 d-orbitals.
- 9What is a f-orbital?Each shell from n=4 contains 7 f-orbitals.
- 10What are sub-shells?Within a shell. orbitals of the same type are grouped together as sub-shells.
- 11What is the number of electrons in shell 1 and sub-shells present?2
1s - 12What is the number of electrons in shell 2 and sub-shells present?8
2s + 2p - 13What is the number of electrons in shell 3 and sub-shells present?18
3s + 3p + 3d - 14What is the number of electrons in shell 4 and sub-shells present?32
4s + 4p + 4d + 4f - 15What are the 3 rules of filling orbitals?Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy
Electrons pair with opposite spins
Orbitals with the same energy are occupied singly first - 16What is the exception for 'orbitals fill in order of increasing energy'?- The 3d sub-shell is at a higher energy level than the 4s sub-shell
- The 4s sub-shell * fills before the 3d sub-shell
- The order of filling is therefore 3p, 4s, 3d. - 17How do electrons pair with opposite spins?- Electrons are negatively charged and repel one another
- Electrons have a property called spin - up or down
- An electron is shown as an arrow indicating its spin either up or down
- Two electrons in an orbital must have opposite spins. The opposite spins help to counteract the repulsion between the negative charges of the two electrons. - 18Orbitals with the same ____ are occupied singly ____.Energy
First - 19Within a sub-shell, the orbitals have the same _____. One electron occupies each orbital before pairing starts. This prevents any _______ between paired electrons until there is no further orbital available at the same energy level.Energy
Repulsion - 20Draw how four electrons would occupy p-orbitals of a p-subshell.- With four electrons, one electron occupies each p-orbital
- Only then can pairing take place
- The paired electrons have opposite spins - 21What is the electron configuration of1s^2 2s^1
[He] 2s^1 - 22What is the electron configuration of K in long and short hand?1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1
[Ar] 4s^1 - 23How many electrons can fit in s, p, d, f shells?s = 2
p = 6
d = 10
f = 14 - 24What happens when cations (positive ions) are formed?Atoms lose electrons
- 25What happens when anions (negative ions) are formed?Atoms gain electrons
- 26What is the s-block?Highest energy electrons in the s-sub shell (left block of two groups)
- 27What is the p-block?Highest energy electrons in the p-sub shell (right block of sixth groups)
- 28What is the d-block?Highest energy electrons in the d-sub shell (centre block of 10 groups).
- 29What happens when you fill up ions electronic configuration?You either add or remove electrons.
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- A level Chemistry (Module 2: Foundations in Chemistry) Flashcards on 5.1 Electron Structure, created by Urvi B on 17/11/2017.
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