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science semestral

Camila Torres English 118 cards

science semestral

Cards in this deck (118)

  1. 1substancea single kind of matter that is pure and has a specific set of properties
  2. 2matteranything that has mass and takes up space
  3. 3solida state of matter that has a definite shape and volume, particles are stacked up together
  4. 4liquida state of matter that has definite volume but indefinite shape, particles are free to move
  5. 5gasnot definite shape or volume, particles move freely and quickly
  6. 6plasmahigher energy than gas, particles are energized, no shape or volume.
  7. 7Chemical propertythe ability of a substance to change into a different substance
  8. 8chemical property examplesiron rusting, charcoal burning, tarnishing, souring
  9. 9physical propertiescharacteristic of a substance that can be observed without it changing to another substance
  10. 10elementsubstance that cannot be broken down into any other substances, simplest type of substances
  11. 11atomsbasic particle from which all elements are made.
  12. 12moleculesa group of two or more atoms or more atoms held together by a chemical bondmolecules
  13. 13compounda substance made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set ratio
  14. 14chemical formulashows the elemts in the compound and the ratio of atomschemical formula
  15. 15mixturemade of two or more substances that are tighter in the same place, but atoms are not chemically bonded.
  16. 16heterogenous mixtureyou can usually see different parts and can be easily separated
  17. 17homogenous mixtureIs very well mixed very difficult to separate.
  18. 18examples of homogenouscoke, honey, soy sauce, milk
  19. 19examples of heterogenousketchup, trail mix, pizza, guacamole
  20. 20filtrationsolids can be separated from a liquid by pouring the mixture through a filter
  21. 21distillationliquids can be separated from each other by heating them up until one of them boils. It boils into a gas and the liquids are separated.
  22. 22magnetic attractioniron objects can be separated from a mixture using a magnet
  23. 23evaporationwhen left open to the air liquids can change to gas, leaving solids behind
  24. 24how can mixtures be separatedfiltration , distillation, magnetic attraction, evaporation
  25. 25what units are used to express mass and volume?weight, mass, volume
  26. 26weightmeasure of the force of gravity on you, weight can change according to the gravity.
  27. 27massthe amount of matter of an object, does not change
  28. 28volumethe amount of space that matter occupies
  29. 29volume formulaLxWxH
  30. 30density formulamass/volume
  31. 31what happens to a substance in a physical changethe state of an object change
  32. 32changes of shape of formonly changes the shape of the object
  33. 33chemical changechemical reaction, changes in matter that produces a new substance
  34. 34types of chemical changescombustion, electrolysis, oxidation, tarnishing
  35. 35combustionrapid combinationn of fuel with oxygen, produces heat and light
  36. 36electrolysisuse of electricity to break a compound, into elements or simpler compounds
  37. 37oxidationcombination of a substance with oxygen
  38. 38tarnishingslow combination of a bright metal with sulfur or another substance, producing dark coating.
  39. 39law of conservation of massmatter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change
  40. 40temperaturemeasures how cold or how hot something is. Related to the energy of motion of the particles.
  41. 41thermal energytotal energy of the motion of all particles in an object
  42. 42types of changesexothermic, endothermic
  43. 43endothermic changea change in which energy is absorbed
  44. 44exothermic changea change in which energy is released
  45. 45chemical energyenergy stored in chemical bonds between atoms
  46. 46crystalline solidssolids that are made up of crystals, melts at distinct temperature
  47. 47examples of crystalline solidssalt, sugar, snow
  48. 48amorphous solidpatterns are not arranged in a definite pattern, does not melt at a distinct temperature
  49. 49properties in a liquidsurface tension, viscosity
  50. 50surface tensioninward force or pull, brings molecules on a surface close together
  51. 51viscosityliquid's resistance to flowing
  52. 52properties in a gasvolume, pressure, and temperature
  53. 53meltingchange of state from a solid to a liquid. at its melting point particles move so fast they break apart from each other
  54. 54freezingchange of state from a liquid to a solid, at the freezing point particles move so slowly they take a fixed position.
  55. 55water's freezing point0 Celsius
  56. 56vaporizationchange from a liquid to a gas
  57. 57evaporationvaporization that takes place on the surface of a liquid
  58. 58boilingvaporization that takes place both below and on the surface of a liquid
  59. 59condensationgas to a liquid, particles loose enough thermal energy
  60. 60sublimationsolid to a gas, do not pass through the liquid stage
  61. 61How are pressure and volume related?at constant temperature, when pressure increases also volume increases. when pressure decreases, volume decreases.
  62. 62Charle's Lawwhen pressure is constant when temperature increases volume increases. when temperature decreases then volume decreases
  63. 63Boyle's Lawat constant temperature, when pressure is increases, the volume decreases. when pressure decreases volume increases.
  64. 64Inversely proportionalwhen the product of two variables is constant to each other
  65. 65directly proportionaltwo variables are in a straight line passing through the origin.
  66. 66Dalton's atomic theoryelements consist of atoms that cannot be divided. All atoms of the same element are exactly alike and have the same mass. Cannot be changed into another substanceDalton's atomic theory
  67. 67Thomson's modelatoms are made of even smaller parts. atoms contain negatively charged particles. Must contain positive charge to balance.Thomson's model
  68. 68neutronpositively charged particle
  69. 69electronnegatively charged particle
  70. 70Rutherford's Modelproved Thomson's theory wrong, proved that there was a nucleusRutherford's Model
  71. 71bohr's modelelectrons orbit the atombohr's model
  72. 72cloud modeldescribes properties of atomic electrons. The particles inside the atom orbited around the nucleus
  73. 73modern model of the atomthe neutron is inside, the nucleus together with protons. electrons are surrounding it of moving electrons
  74. 74Who is Mendeleev?Is a Russian chemist that knew some elements had similar chemical and physical properties. He noticed that a pattern of properties appeared when he arranged the elements in order of atomic mass. He found out that properties repeated regularly.
  75. 75What information does the periodic table containatomic number, chemical symbol, name, atomic mass.
  76. 76atomic numbernumber of protons in nucleus
  77. 77chemical symbolone or two elements that represent an element.
  78. 78namename of element
  79. 79atomic massaverage weight of protons, electrons and neutrons
  80. 80periodarranged in rows and go from left to right. 7 groups
  81. 81groupsalso called families, are columns. 18 groups.
  82. 82metalelements that are good conductors of electric current and heat
  83. 83physical properties of metalluster, malleable, ductile, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity
  84. 84chemical properties of metalreactivity and corrosion
  85. 85alkali metalsmost reactive metals, they are found only on compounds. found on group 1
  86. 86examples of alkali metalslithium, francium
  87. 87alkaline earth metalsharder, denser, reactive, found only on compounds. found on group 2
  88. 88examples of alkaline earth metalsmagnesium
  89. 89transition metalshard and shiny, high melting points and high densities, good conductors. found on group 3 to 12
  90. 90metals in mixed groupssome are used in bicycles, in cans and batteries in cars. found in group 13 to 16.
  91. 91lanthanides and actinidesused to make lasers, some are not found naturally others are made in labs. 2 rows below periodic table
  92. 92transuranium elementsmade when nuclear particles are forced to crash one another. after uranium.
  93. 93malleablematerial that can be hammered or rolled into other shapes
  94. 94lustershiny
  95. 95ductilematerial that can be moved into large wires
  96. 96thermal conductivityability of an object to transfer heat
  97. 97electrical conductivityability to conduct electrical current
  98. 98non-metalelement that lacks most of the characteristics of a metal
  99. 99physical propertiespoor conductors of electric heat
  100. 100chemical propertiesgain or share electrons when react to other atoms
  101. 101families in non- metalscarbon, nitrogen, oxygen, halogen, noble gases, hydrogen
  102. 102carbon familyDNA, fuels. group 14
  103. 103non metals in carbon familycarbon
  104. 104nitrogen familyform diatomic molecules. group 15
  105. 105non metals in nitrogen familynitrogen and phosphorus
  106. 106oxygen familyused to breathe group 16
  107. 107nonmetals in oxygenoxygen, sulfur, selenium
  108. 108halogen familysalt forming group 17
  109. 109nonmetals in halogen familyfluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine
  110. 110noble gasesnot usually form compounds because they don't lose or gain or share electrons. group 18
  111. 111noble gases in familyhelium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon
  112. 112hydrogenelement with simplest atom. 90 percent of atoms in the world. group 1
  113. 113metalloidhave some properties of metals and some of non metals
  114. 114physical properties of metalloidsbrittle, hard
  115. 115chemical properties metalloidssomewhat reactive
  116. 116alpha decaydecreases 2 in atomic number and 4 in atomic number
  117. 117beta decayone less neutron and one more proton
  118. 118gamma radiationdo not loose or gain protons or neutrons

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Flashcards on science semestral, created by Camila Torres on 15/12/2017.
Created by
Camila Torres · Dec 2017
Updated
Apr 6, 2018
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sciencechemistry 1st semester
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