11828069
Description
Flashcards by Charlotte Willis, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Charlotte Willis
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a Chromosome? | -DNA coiled form -formed during Interphase in plants/animals -made up of two identical sister chromatids joined by a centromere -carries 2 copies of the same DNA molecule |
| What is a homologous pair of chromosomes? | A pair of chromosomes: 1 maternal (mother) 1 paternal (father) - carries SAME GENES but different ALLELES -23 pairs in the humans |
| What is Cell Division | -FOrmation of new cells in multicellular organisms (animals and plants) -2 methods ( meiosis and mitosis) |
| What is Meiosis | The cell division that produces different haploid cells as gametes for sexual reproduction |
| What is Mitosis | Cell division that produces genetically identical cells for growth + repair of tissues |
| What does Mitosis produce? | 2 genetically identical cells, Diploid (full set of chromosomes/ DNA) |
| Benefit of Mitosis? | Growth and repair of cells/ tissues |
| Stages Cell Cycle | SYNTHESIS - DNA Replication GAP 1 (G1) - cells grows and produces necessary proteins MITOSIS - Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphate, Telophase GAP 2 (G2) Organelle Synthesis |
| Stages of Interphase | G1 Synthesis G2 |
| Stages of Mitosis | Prophase - DNA coil into chromosomes, nucleus break down, spindle fibres form Metaphase - Chromosomes line up along equator, spindle fibres attach via centromere Anaphase - spindle fibres pull, split centromere, sister chromatids move to opposite poles Telophase - Chromatids uncoil, nucleus reforms ( 2 identical nuclei left) |
| What is Cytokinesis? | Separating cell into 2 |
| What happens to DNA mass in mitosis? | Halves |
| What happens to the chromosome number in mitosis | Stays the same (Diploid) |
| What is cancer? | Formation of a tumour due to uncontrollable cell division (mitosis) |
| How does uncontrolled cell division occur? | -due to mutation of DNA/cell forming cancer cells -mutation can occur randomly or due to mutagens (chemicals/radiation) -Cancer cells are rapidly dividing cells ( like hair, skin etc) they spend less time in interphase and more in Mitosis |
| Treatment for Cancer? | -Sugary - remove tumour -Chemotherapy - using drugs that inhibits mitosis in rapidly dividing cancer cells (hair, skin, etc effected) -Radiotherapy - radiation used to destroy the cells |
| How does Bacteria do Cell Division? | Binary Fission -Copy their DNA and separate into two genetically identical bacteria (asexual) |
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