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Flashcards

Executive Branch Vocab

Fernando F Government AP English 62 cards

Cards in this deck (62)

  1. 112th amendmentAmendment that established the process of electing a president and a vice president; This amendment also established a line of succession from president to vice president and a tie breaking procedure
  2. 220th amendmentLimits lame duck period and moves the inauguration date from march to January; this made government contentiously
  3. 322nd AmendmentAmendment that limits number of presidential terms to 2; Passed after FDR got elected 4 times, that will never happen again
  4. 425th amendmentAmendment that allowed for the cabinet to remove a president for office if he is unable to serve; It allows for the quick removal of a president without the impeachment process
  5. 5Administrative AdjudicationApplication of rules to settle disputes; It doesn't require a full judicial decision
  6. 6Administrative DiscretionWhen an agency executes a law in a flexible way; this affects the day-to-day decision making of agencies and the way they implement laws and regulation
  7. 7Administrative lawThe set of guidelines and rules that regulate a government agency; these are necessary for the basic structure and purpose of the agency
  8. 8Approval RatingPolling on the citizens favorability towards the current job of a government official i.e. the President; The President uses approval ratings as political capital to pass legislation
  9. 9Authorization and AppropriationsCongress' ability to allocate and approve funding for agencies; Congress can influence agencies by increasing or decreasing their funding
  10. 10Bully PulpitThe ability for a president to shine light into a matter of importance; Presidents can advocate for an agenda which they favor
  11. 11CabinetMade up of heads of cabinet departments ready to council the President; These are the most important agencies, they employ 60% of bureaucrats
  12. 12Civil Service Reform Act of 1978Legislation passed after Watergate to allow for more flexibility in the assignment process of agency heads; This created 3 new agencies that took over Civil Service Commission ( Office of Personnel Management, Merit Systems Protection Board, and the Federal Labor Relations Authority )
  13. 13Clinton V. JonesCase of sexual harassment against Bill Clinton; SC ruled that a president was not immune to civil litigation
  14. 14Clinton V. NYCCase regarding ability for president to select which items on a bill to veto; Ruled that a bill must be fully signed or rejected
  15. 15Merit SystemSystem where bureaucrats are given jobs based on skill and merit; This changed the system from a loyalty based system
  16. 16Congressional Budget and Impoundment Act (1974)Allowed for the creation of the Congressional Budget Office and expedited appropriation bills; It made Congress pass funding much faster and later led to the creation of the Byrd Rule
  17. 17Congressional oversightAbility for Congress to investigate and control the bureaucracy; This is one of the functions Congress can use to influence the bureaucracy
  18. 18Council of Economic Advisers (CEA)Economic council that advises the President in economic matters; This is partly the presidential Chief of Economy job
  19. 19Direct democracyDemocratic system where all citizens are able to vote for all matters; Direct Democracy is a system that can be use at low levels of the bureaucracy
  20. 20Discretionary authorityThe ability for bureaucrats to enact policies that are not laws; This allows for agencies to create their own rules regarding their area of concern
  21. 21Divided governmentWhen one party controls congress and the other controls the White House; This usually means that legislation is not passed in at the same rate than a unified government, usually means that both parties have to compromise
  22. 22Electoral CollegeSystem to elect a President where the votes are allocated by the amount of Senators + members of the House in each state; This process allows presidents to be influenced in the for of campaign contributions
  23. 23Executive agreementsInternational agreements that don't require Senate Approval; This allows for presidents to skip Congress when compromising with diplomacy
  24. 24Executive Office of the PresidentOffice created by FDR to aid with the role of President; The EOP is headed by the Chief of Staff, and under him there is a series of bureaucratic councils such as the Council of Economic Advisers
  25. 25Executive ordersOrders signed by the President that have the weight of law but don't go through the Congressional process; These actions give directives to the bureaucratic agencies to enforce the new rules, they can also be repealed by the next president
  26. 26Executive privilegePrivilege the President has to not disclose information; The SC ruled that Executive privilege doesn't protect a President when facing impeachment
  27. 27Executive CzarsName for high ranking executive officials that oversee a particular policy; They are not necessarily in charge of an agency, but rather work with several to get a policy implemented
  28. 28Faithless electorsElectoral College members who vote for candidates other than the one they pledged to; These electors could influence whether a candidate wins the presidency
  29. 29Government CorporationsCorporations set up by the government to provide services private companies otherwise wouldn't; These corporations are not intended to bring federal revenue, and are headed by bureacrats
  30. 30Hatch ActAct passed to regulate the involvement of bureaucrats in partisan elections; Bureaucrats have a lot of power in the federal government, the
  31. 31Government CorporationsCorporations set up by the government to provide for services that private corporations are unable or unwilling to provide; These corporations are run by bureaucrats and are subject to congressional funding
  32. 32Great DepressionTime period of economic turmoil before the start of WWII; This lead to the New Deal and a spike on government bureacracy
  33. 33Hatch ActLegislation passed to limit bureaucratic involvement in partisan elections; Passed because bureaucrats made a significant amount of the population and it limits the perceived bias towards a political party
  34. 34ImpeachmentProcess of charging the president with criminal charges; the legislative branch influences the executive by restricting the extent of their actions
  35. 35Imperial PresidencyWhen a president uses his power to bypass congress; The president may uses executive agreements instead of treaties and enforce executive orders
  36. 36ImplementationExecuting a law; The bureaucracy implements the law through their agencies or departments
  37. 37ImpoundmentWhen a president refuses to spend money approved by government on an agency; Could help president put pressure on agencies that were not producing the intended results
  38. 38Independent AgenciesAgencies that are part of the executive branch, but outside of cabinet departments; The heads can be appointed and removed by the president
  39. 39Independent Regulatory AgenciesRegulatory agencies created to be free of political influence from the executive branch; These agencies regulate rather than provide services
  40. 40Inherent powersPowers the president has that are not stated in the constitution; Creating executive orders to add new regulations is an inherent power
  41. 41INS v. Chadha (1983)SC ruled that one house legislative veto was unconstitutional since it violated separations of powers
  42. 42Iron triangles, issues networkThe relationships between different groups in the government that influence each other; the media influences the way new regulations are presented to the public
  43. 43Lame duckThe period between the last period of a presidency and the swearing in of a new president; In this period changes of top bureaucrats are expected
  44. 44Legislative vetoMethod for Congress to block an executive order; New regulations implemented by the executive branch could be stopped by congress (Declared unconstitutional in INS v. Chadha)
  45. 45Line-item vetoWhen a president blocks certain parts of legislation and allows for others to be signed (Rule unconstitutional by Clinton V. NYC)
  46. 46National Security Council (NSC)Council under the EOP that advises the president matters of national security; Many agency heads form part of this council e.i. CIA and FBI heads
  47. 47Office of Management and Budget (OMB)Council established by the EOP to aid the president in his role as chief of the economy
  48. 48Patronage, spoils systemSystem that exchanges work in the federal government in exchange of political loyalty
  49. 49Pendleton Act (1883)Legislation that changed the bureaucratic system to be merit base, people hired by expertise and mastery rather than political loyalty
  50. 50Presidential honeymoonPeriod at the beginning of a presidency where approval rating is higher than usual due to optimism by the American public; The higher the approval rating is, the easier it is for a president to implement his political agenda
  51. 51Presidential Succession Act of 1947Legislation that establishes a long lists of presidential successors; The presidency is to be passed to VP -> Speaker -> SPT -> and a list of cabinet departments
  52. 52Prosecutorial discretionAbility for an agency to decide what to prosecute, effectively allowing the executive branch to decide the extent at which to prosecute laws
  53. 53Recess appointmentsAppointments made by the president while the Senate is not in session; this allows the President to put people into important positions without senatorial confirmation
  54. 54Red tapeThe complex bureaucratic environment one must go though to accomplish something
  55. 55Representative democracyType of democracy where the people elect representatives to vote for them on issues
  56. 56Rule makingThe ability for an agency to make their own regulations
  57. 57State of the UnionAnnual speech given by the president to comply with the constitution; The president lays his agenda for the next year and reviews the accomplishments on the last one
  58. 58Trustee approach and Delegate modelTrustee approach: View that reps should act on their best judgement regardless of their constituents
    Delegate Model: View that reps should vote along with the views of their constituents
  59. 59Unified GovernmentWhen the three branches are controlled by one party; This allows for laws to pass along more smoothly than otherwise
  60. 60United States v. Nixon (1973)The SC ruled that a President couldn't use his executive privilege when facing impeachment
  61. 61Veto message and pocket vetoVeto message: When the president states why he didn't sign legislation
    Pocket Veto: When the president waits ten days and Congress is in recess, then the bill is vetoed
  62. 62War Powers Act (1973)Legislation that limited the ability for the president to send troops into military conflicts, it established a 60 day period to inform Congress of the Presence of U.S. military in other countries.

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Created by Fernando M
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