Flashcards
03. Cortical Organisation for Language
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- 1Key regions of the brain for language- Broca’s area: Governs the production of speech and getting syntactic structures right
- Wernicke’s area: This is where word forms are associated with the words’ meanings and meaning is extracted from the input
- The motor strip: Where speech functions are located, including the act of articulating and all control processes involved in that. Language also involves other brain functions. - 2Steps of repeating a word• How to repeat a word: The primary auditory area receives information (e.g. the speech pathologist says a word for the patient to repeat) and has to be able to translate it into a form that other parts of the brain then can process.
• That information is transferred from the auditory projection area to Wernicke’s area. Wernicke’s area receives information of this word’s form and has associations (e.g. frequencies in sound combinations of the word, since there is no context to it), which are associated with the meaning of the word.
• In order to repeat the word, information has to pass from Wernicke’s area down a bundle of fibers just under the cortex in the left hemisphere called the Arcuate fasciculus, to Broca’s area. Broca’s area then stages the production of the word.
This process does not put stress on Broca’s area.
• Broca’s area only receives the signal and send information to the motor strip, which will then trigger the articulation of the word. - 3Steps of repeating a written wordThe steps are the same as simply repeating a word. Although, now we rely on the visual system passing information to Wernicke’s area as supposed to the auditory cortex in the previous example. The rest of the process happens as described.
- 4How to associate behaviour with brain regions (brief)- Different functions are associated with different regions of the brain. A series of simple investigation can aid in identifying a processing problem, and even where it is located, without the use of expensive scans.
- 5Brain lateralizationThe brain is organized into two hemispheres, with some functions lateralized to just one hemisphere. Thus, the brain is not symmetrical.
- 6Examples of left-lateralized behaviour- Core linguistic features: syntactic and semantic processing
- Functions that require detailed attention
- Sequencing, rule-governed behaviour - 7Are lateralized functions really ONLY controlled by one hemisphere?• Music is one example of behaviour that can be left-lateralized if someone is very skilled, but bilateral if only general.
• Some language functions are not left-lateralized. If an individual who is mostly left-lateralized for language damages their left hemisphere, most language functions are still intact. Their tone might be quite flat though communicative tool – can change the meaning of something. Right hemisphere involved in prosody (also spatiality and music). - 8Examples of right-lateralized behaviourCreativity
Imagination
Music awareness
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- Psychology 2A (Cognitive Psychology) Flashcards on 03. Cortical Organisation for Language, created by Nina Olsson on 25/07/2018.
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- Nina Olsson
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