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Flashcards

Educational Psychology

Calla Fraser English 52 cards

Cards in this deck (52)

  1. 1Cognitive view assumesMental processes exist, can be studied scientifically, humans are active participants in their own acts of cognition.
  2. 2In cognitive view knowledge is..learned, changes in knowledge makes changes in behaviour possible
  3. 3Declarative KnowledgeCan be declared through words and symbol systems.
  4. 4Key StrategiesReviewing and revision- help to develop declarative knowledge.
  5. 5Procedural KnowledgeHow to do something
  6. 6Conditional knowledgeWhen and why to apply declarative knowledge
  7. 7Information processing views of memoryUse computer as a model.
  8. 8IP involves (3)Encoding, Storage, Retrieval.
  9. 9Sensory Memory isLarge but only lasts 1-3 seconds
  10. 10How long does sensory memory last?1-3 seconds but is large in capacity
  11. 11SHORT-TERM memory lasts forabout 20 seconds
  12. 12Implicit memoryunconscious
  13. 13SemanticMemory for meaning
  14. 14Transformations (information) that represent the sensations of sight and sound are briefly held in the?SENSORY REGISTER
  15. 15Perception isThe process of detecting a stimulus and assigning meaning to it.
  16. 16GestaltTendency to organise sensory information into patterns or relationships
  17. 17Bottom-up processingStimulus analysed into features or components and assembled into a meaningful pattern
  18. 18Top-down processingRecognising patterns rapidly/ noticing features. We use what we already know about the situation.
  19. 19Four aspects of Attention in children as they develop:-controlled -tailored to task -directive -self-monitoring
  20. 20By age 7 most children can:Integrate present with past
    Anticipate future
    Rely on semantic categories
    Detect relationships between events and concepts
  21. 21STM can generally hold how many items?5-9
  22. 22Strategies to overcome the limitations of STM capacity include?Chunking and Grouping
  23. 23Working MemoryThe information you are focusing on at a given moment
  24. 24(Of working memory) Central ExecutiveControls attention and other mental resources
  25. 25Phonological loopHolds verbal and acoustical SOUND information
  26. 26Visuospatial sketchpadVisual and spatial information (1.5-2 seconds)
  27. 27Cognitive loadAmount of cognitive processing resources, mainly working memory- needed to perform a task
  28. 28Working memory holds 5-9 separate items but can only process how many at a time?2-4
  29. 29Extraneous cognitive loadCognitive capacity used to deal with problems not related to learning such as interruptions
  30. 30Integration strategiesMaking information meaningful and memorable by creating links with prior knowledge (AKA Elaborative rehearsal)
  31. 31Maintenance RehearsalRepeating information in your mind
  32. 32ChunkingGrouping individual bits of data into larger units
  33. 33DecayWeakening and fading of memories with the passage of time
  34. 34Explicit memoriesLTM involving conscious recall
  35. 35Propositional networkSet of interconnected concepts and relationships in which long-term knowledge is held. (SPREADING ACTIVATION THEORY)
  36. 36Loci MethodAssociating items with specific places
  37. 37Peg-type mnemonicsSystems of associating items with cue words
  38. 38Chain mnemonicsAssociate one element in a series with the next element
  39. 39Keyword methodAssociating new words or concepts with similar-sounding cue words and images
  40. 40Rote MemorisationRepetition without understanding
  41. 41Serial Position effectMemory for beginning and end but not middle of lists
  42. 42Distributed practiceBrief periods with rest intervals
  43. 43Massed practiceStudying for an extended period
  44. 44Automated basic skillsApplied without conscious thought
  45. 45What are the 3 steps in the development of automated basic skills?1) Cognitive
    2)Associative
    3)Autonomous
  46. 46Expertise=?Prerequisite knowledge
    +
    Practice with feedback
  47. 47Domain-specific strategiesConsciously applied skills that organize thoughts to reach a goal
  48. 48Metacognitive skillsManaging our thinking
  49. 49Cognitive Psychology compares..the human mind to a computer, suggesting that we too are information processors.
  50. 50Processing systems=Attention, perception, short-term memory
  51. 51Essentially a computer ___ information, ______ information, uses _________, and produces an __________ (retrieves info)codes, stores, information, output
  52. 52The information processing approach characterizes thinking as the environment providing ________ of data, which is then _____ by our ____________. The information can be ______, retrieved and _________ using "mental programs" with the results being ________ responses.input, transformed, senses, stored, transformed, behavioural

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Flashcards on Educational Psychology, created by Calla Fraser on 17/10/2014.
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Calla Fraser
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