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Flashcards

The neck - Anatomy

Erin Dunn Anatomy Undergraduate first year English 144 cards

What are the labels?

Cards in this deck (144)

  1. 1What is the anterior triangle?The region located at the front of the neck
  2. 2What are the borders of the anterior triangle?Superior: inferior border of the mandible
    Laterally: anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
    Medially: Sagittal line down the midline of the neck
  3. 3What covers the roof and the floor of the triangle?Investing fascia covers the roof
    Visceral fascia covers the floor
  4. 4What are the labels?Mandible
    Midline of neck
    Anterior triangle
    Sternocleidomastoid    What are the labels?
  5. 5How are the muscles in this part of the neck divided?Suprahyoid muscles and are superior to the hyoid bone
    Infrahyoid muscles that are inferior to the hyoid bone
  6. 6What happens to the common carotid artery in the anterior triangle?It bifurcates into the external and internal carotid branches
    The internal jugular vein can also be found in this area which is responsible for the drainage of the head and neck
  7. 7Which cranial nerves are in the anterior triangle?Facial VII
    Glossopharyngeal IX
    Vagus X
    Accessory XI
    Hypoglossal XII
  8. 8Yellow? Blue? Red?Yellow: Hypoglossal nerve
    Blue: Genioglossus
    Red: Common carotid bringing into internal and external carotid    Yellow? Blue? Red?
  9. 9What is the genioglossus?A fan shaped extrinsic tongue muscle that forms the majority of the body of the tongue
    It arises from the mental spine of the mandible and its insertions are the hyoid bone and the bottom of the tongue
  10. 10What muscle is this? Describe itPlatysma muscle
    Connected directly to the skin
    Two heads which originate from the fascia of the pectoralis major and deltoid
    The platysma inserts into the inferior border of the mandible
    Innervation is via the facial nerve VII    What muscle is this? Describe it
  11. 11What are the borders of the carotid triangle?Superior: posterior belly of the digastric muscle
    Lateral: medial border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
    Inferior: superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
  12. 12What area is this? What are the labels?CAROTID TRIANGLE
    Left
    Hyoid bone
    Carotid triangle
    Omohyoid
    Right
    Stylohyoid
    Diagastric
    Sternocleidomastoid    What area is this? What are the labels?
  13. 13What is the submental triangle?It is in the neck situated underneath the chin
    Contains the submental lymph nodes which filter lymph draining from floor of the mouth and parts of the tongue
  14. 14How is the submental triangle divided?Inferiorly: The hyoid bone
    Medially: The midline of the neck
    Laterally: anterior belly of the digastric
  15. 15What forms the base of the submental triangle?Mylohyoid muscle which runs from mandible to the hyoid bone
  16. 16What area is this? What are the labels?Submental triangle
    Left
    1. Midline of neck
    2. submental triangle
    3. Hyoid bone
    Right
    1. Digastric
    2. Mylohyoid    What area is this? What are the labels?
  17. 17What area is this? What are the labels?MUSCULAR TRIANGLE
    Left
    1. Midline of the neck
    Muscular triangle
    Right
    1. Hyoid
    2. Omohyoid
    3. Sternocleidomastoid    What area is this? What are the labels?
  18. 18Green? Blue? Yellow? Light purple? Dark purple? Red?Green: Sternocleidomastoid
    Blue: Splenius capitis
    Yellow: Levator scapulae
    Light purple: Anterior scalene
    Dark purple: Middle scalene
    Red: Trapezius    Green? Blue? Yellow? Light purple? Dark purple? Red?
  19. 19What forms the external jugular vein? Whee does it empty into?Formed by the retromandibular and posterior auricular veins
    After crossing the SCM it empties into the subclavian vein
  20. 20Which nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid?The cranial accessory nerve XI and it lies superficially in the posterior triangle
  21. 21What veins lie In the posterior triangle?External jugular
    Transverse cervical
    Suprascapular
  22. 22What is one of the major branches of the cervical plexus?The phrenic nerve
  23. 23How does the omohyoid muscle split?The large superior part is termed the occupital triangle
    The inferior triangle is known as the subclavian triangle and contains the distal portion of the subclavian artery
  24. 24What is the pharynx?It is a muscular tube that connects the oral and nasal cavity to the larynx and oesophagus
  25. 25Where does the pharynx begin and end?It begins at the base of the skull and ends at the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)
  26. 26What are the three parts of the pharynx?1. Nasopharynx
    2. Oropharynx
    3. Laryngopharynx
  27. 27Yellow? Green? Blue?Yellow: Nasopharynx
    Green: Oropharynx
    Blue: Laryngopharynx    Yellow? Green? Blue?
  28. 28Where is the nasopharynx found? Describe the nasopharynx?It is found between the base of the skull and the soft palate
    It is continuous with the nasal cavity and performs a respiratory function by conditioning inspired air and propagating it into the larynx
    The posterosuperior nasopharynx contains the adenoid tonsils which enlarge between 3-8 years and then regress
  29. 29What type of epithelium lines the nasopharynx?Respiratory epithelium: ciliated pseudostratfied columnar epithelium with goblet cells
  30. 30Where is the oropharynx found?The oropharynx is the middle part of the pharynx located between the soft palate and the superior border of the epiglottis
  31. 31What structures do the oropharynx contain?- Posterior 1/3 of the tongue
    - Lingual tonsils: lymphoid tissue at the base of the tongue
    - Palatine tonsils: lymphoid tissue located in the tonsillar fossa (between the palatoglossal and the palatopharyngealarches of the oral cavity
    - Superior constrictor muscle
  32. 32What is Waldeyer's ring?It is the ring of lymphoid tissue in the naso- and oropharynx formed by the paired palatine tonsils, the adenoid tonsils and lingual tonsil
  33. 33What is the oropharynx involved in?Voluntary and involuntary phases of swallowing
  34. 34Where is the laryngopharynx located? Describe the laryngopharynx?It is the most distal part of the pharynx located between the superior border of the epiglottis and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
    It is posterior to the larynx and communicates with it via the laryngeal inlet
  35. 35What does the laryngopharynx contain?The middle and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
  36. 36What is this? What are the labels?The inferior pharyngeal constrictor
    1. Thyropharyngeus
    2. Cricopharyngeus    What is this? What are the labels?
  37. 37What are the two main groups of pharyngeal muscles?Longitudinal and circular
  38. 38What are the pharyngeal muscles innervated by (motor) ? What is the exceptionVagus nerve
    Stylopharyngeus is the exception being innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve
  39. 39Describe the circular muscles of the pharynx?Three circular pharyngeal constrictor muscles: superior, middle and inferior
    The circular muscles contract sequentially from superior to inferior to constrict the lumen and propel the bolus of food inferiorly into the oesophagus
  40. 40Describe the superior pharyngeal constrictor?Located in the oropharynx
    - Originates from the pterygomandibular ligament, the alveolar process of the mandible and the medial pteroid plate and the pterygoid hamulus of the sphenoid bone
    - Inserts posteriorly into the pharyngeal tubercle of the occupit and the median pharyngeal raphe
  41. 41Describe the middle pharyngeal constrictor?- Located in the laryngopharnx
    - Originates from the stylohyoid ligament and the horns of the hyoid bone
    - Inserts posteriorly into the pharyngeal raphe
  42. 42Describe the inferior pharyngeal constrictor?Located in the laryngopharynx and has two components:
    - Superior component (thryopharyngeus) that has oblique fibres that attach to the thyroid cartilage
    - Inferior component (cricopharyngeus) that has horizontal fibres that attach to the cricoid cartilage
  43. 43What are the labels?- Superior constrictor
    - Stylopharyngeus
    - Middle constrictor
    - Inferior constrictor    What are the labels?
  44. 44What are the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?They act to shorten and widen the pharynx and elevate larynx during swallowing
    Stylopharyngeus: arises from styloid process of temporal bone and inserts into pharynx
    Palatopharyngeus: arises from the hard palate of the oral cavity and inserts in to the pharynx
    Salpingopharyngeus: arises from the Eustachian tube and inserts into the pharynx
  45. 45Yellow? Green? Orange? Purple? Blue?Yellow: Stylopharyngeus (glossopharyngeal nerve)
    Green: superior constrictor
    Orange: Palatopharyngeus
    Purple: Salingopharyngeus
    Blue: Inferior constrictor    Yellow? Green? Orange? Purple? Blue?
  46. 46What is most of the sensory and motor innervation of the pharynx achieved by and what is the exception?Pharyngeal plexus
    The nasopharynx is not supplied by the pharyngeal plexus
  47. 47What is the pharyngeal plexus formed by?Pharyngeal branches from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
    Pharyngeal brach of the vagus nerve (CN X)
    Branches from the external laryngeal nerve
    Sympathetic fibres from the superior cervical ganglion
  48. 48Sensory innervation of the nasopharynx?Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
  49. 49Sensory innervation of oropharynx?Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
  50. 50Sensory innervation of laryngopharynx?Vagus nerve (CN X)
  51. 51What is the motor innervation of the pharynx?All muscles are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X) apart from the stylopharyngeus which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CV IX)
  52. 52What is the arterial supply of the pharynx?Via the branches of the external carotid:
    1. Ascending pharyngeal artery
    2. Branches of the facial artery
    3. Branches of the lingual and maxillary arteries
  53. 53How is venous drainage of the pharynx achieved?Via the pharyngeal venous plexus
  54. 54Describe the larynx?The voice box is an organ located in the anterior neck
    It has several important functions including phonation, the cough reflex and protection of the lower respiratory tract
  55. 55How is the larynx divided?1. Supraglottis: from the inferior surface of the epiglottis to the vestibular folds (false vocal chords)
    2. Glottis: Contains the vocal chords and 1cm below them. The opening of the vocal chords is known as the rima glottidis, the size of which is altered by the muscles of phonation
    3. Subglottis: From the inferior border of the glottis to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
  56. 56What type of epithelium lines the larynx?Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
    Except for the true vocal chords that are lined by stratified squamous epithelium
  57. 57What is the arterial supply to the larynx?Superior laryngeal artery - a branch of the superior thyroid artery and it follows a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve to the larynx
    Inferior laryngeal artery - a branch of the inferior thyroid artery and it follows the recurrent laryngeal nerve to the larynx
  58. 58How is the venous drainage of the larynx achieved?Via the superior and inferior laryngeal veins
  59. 59How is the larynx innervatedReceives both motor and sensory innervation from from branches of the vagus nerve
    Recurrent laryngeal
    Superior laryngeal
  60. 60Describe the recurrent laryngeal nerve?Recurrent laryngeal nerve: provides sensory innervation to the infra glottis, and motor innervation to all the internal muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid
  61. 61Describe the superior laryngeal nerve?The internal branch provided sensory innervation to the supra glottis and the external branch provides motor innervation to the cricothyriod muscle
  62. 62What are the unpaired laryngeal cartilages?Thyroid cartilage
    Cricoid cartilage
    Epiglottis
  63. 63Describe the thyroid cartilage?A large prominant structure easy to see in males
    It is composed of two sheets which join together anteriorly to form the laryngeal prominence (Adams apple)
    Superior horns attached to thyrohyoid cartilage
    Inferior horns articulate with the cricoid cartilage
  64. 64Describe the cricoid cartilage?A complete ring of hyaline cartilage
    Consisting of a broad sheet posteriorly and a narrower arch anteriorly
    Completely encircles the airway marking the inferior border of the larynx E
  65. 65Describe the epiglottis?A leaf shaped plate of elastic cartilage which marks the entrance to the larynx
    Its 'stalk' is attached to the back of the anterior aspect of the thyroid cartilage
    During swallowing the epiglottis flattens and moves posteriorly to close off the larynx and prevent aspiration
  66. 66What are the paired laryngeal cartilages?Arytenoid cartilages
    Corniculate cartilages
    Cuneiform cartilages
  67. 67Describe the arytenoid cartilages?Pyramidal shaped structures that sit on the cricoid cartilage, they consist of:
    Apex - articulates with the corniculate cartilage
    Base - articulates with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage
    Vocal process - provides attachment for vocal process
    Muscular process - provides attachment for the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
  68. 68Describe the cornicate cartilages?The cornicate cartilages are minor cartilaginous structures. They articulate with the apices of the arytenoid cartilages
  69. 69Describe the cuneiform cartilages?The cuneiform cartilages are located within the Ary-epiglottic folds, they have no direct attachment but act to strengthen the folds
  70. 70Green? Red? Blue? Yellow? Purple?Green: Epiglottis
    Red: Thyroid cartilage
    Blue: Arytenoid cartilages
    Yellow: Cricoid cartilages
    Purple: Corniculate cartilages    Green? Red? Blue? Yellow? Purple?
  71. 71What are the vocal folds?Superficial to deep:
    Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithilium
    Reinkes space (watery layer allows epithelium above to vibrate)
    Vocal ligament
    Vocalis muscle
  72. 72What are the labels?Left
    Thyroid cartilage
    Cricothyroid cartilage
    Median cricothyroid ligament
    Right
    Vocal ligament
    Arytenoid cartilage
    Cricoid cartilage    What are the labels?
  73. 73What are the vestibular folds?The false vocal chords that lie superiorly to the true vocal chords
    The consist of a vestibular ligament covered by a mucous membrane and are pink in colour
    They provide protection to the larynx
  74. 74Where are the labels?Left
    Vocal folds
    Rima glottidis
    Right
    Epiglottis
    Vestibular folds    Where are the labels?
  75. 75What do the extrinsic laryngeal ligaments do?Attach to the components of the larynx to external structures
  76. 76What do the intrinsic laryngeal ligaments do?Responsible for holing the cartilages of the larynx together as one functional unit internally
  77. 77What are the labels?Left
    Median thyrohyoid ligament
    Thyrohyoid membrane
    Median cricothyroid ligament
    Cricothyroid ligament
    Right
    Lateral thyrohyoid ligament
    Internal laryngeal nerve
    Superior laryngeal artery
    Cricotracheal ligament    What are the labels?
  78. 78Where are the supra hyoid and infra hyoid muscle groups attached?To the hyoid bone, which is bond to larynx by strong ligments allowing it to move as one unit
  79. 79What is the function of supra hyoid and infra hyoid muscles as a general rule?Supra hyoid muscles elevate the larynx whist the infra hyoid muscles depress the larynx
  80. 80What are the labels?Left
    Diagastric (anterior belly)
    Geniohyoid
    Right
    Mylohyoid
    Stylohyoid
    Digastric (posterior belly)    What are the labels?
  81. 81What are the labels?Left
    Thyrohyoid
    Sternothyroid
    Right
    Omohyoid
    Sternohyoid
    Omohyoid    What are the labels?
  82. 82What is the rims glottidis?The opening between the vocal folds and the arytenoid cartilages
  83. 83What are the intrinsic muscles innervated by?The inferior laryngeal nerve - the terminal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (except the cricothyroid)
  84. 84Describe the cricothyroid muscle? Attachment, action, innervationAttachment: Originates from the anterolateral aspect of the cricoid cartilage and attaches to the inferior margin and inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage
    Action: Stretches and tenses the vocal ligament
    Innervation: External laryngeal nerve (branch of superior laryngeal)
  85. 85Describe the thyroarytenoid? Attachement, action, innervationAttachments: Originates from the inferoposterior aspect of the angle of the thyroid cartilage
    Actions: Relaxes the vocal ligament
    Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve (branch of the recurrent laryngeal)
  86. 86Describe the posterior cricoarytenoid? Attachment , action, innervationAttachment: originates from the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage, attaches to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
    Actions: Abducts the vocal chords
    Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve (branch of the recurrent laryngeal)
  87. 87Describe the lateral cricoarytenoid? Attachment, action, innervationAttachment: Originates from the arch of the cricoid cartilage, and attaches to the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage
    Action: Adducts the vocal folds
    Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve (branch of the recurrent laryngeal)
  88. 88What does the posterior arytenoid do?The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are the sole abductors of the vocal folds and thus the only muscle capable of widening the rump glottidis
  89. 89What does the thyroaryenoid do?The thyroarytenoid acts to relax the vocal ligament allowing a softer voice
  90. 90What does the cricothyroid do?The cricothyroid stretches and tenses the vocal ligments and so is important for the creation of forceful speech
    Also has a role in altering the tone of voice i.e. singing
  91. 91What does the lateral cricoarytenoid do?The lateral cricoarytenoid muscles are the major adductors of the vocal folds. This narrows the rim glottidis, modulating the tone and volume of speech
  92. 92Describe the transverse and oblique arytenoids? Attachment, action, innervationAttachment: Spans from one arytenoid cartilage to the opposite arytenoid
    Action: Adducts the arytenoid cartilages
    Innervation: Inferior laryngeal nerve (branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve )
  93. 93What do the transverse and oblique arytenoids do?The transverse and oblique muscles adduct the arytenoid cartilages, closing the posterior portion of rima glottidis
    This narrows the laryngeal inlet
  94. 94What view is this? What are the labels?Superior view (axial)
    Left
    Transverse arytenoid muscle
    Thyroarytenoid muscle
    Right
    Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
    Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle    What view is this? What are the labels?
  95. 95What is the view? What are the labels?Posterior view
    Oblique arytenoid muscle
    Transverse arytenoid muscle
    Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle    What is the view? What are the labels?
  96. 96What is the anatomical location of the thyroid gland?The anterior neck spanning between C5 and T1 vertebrae
    It is an endocrine gland divided into two lobes which are connected by an isthmus
    Lies behind sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles
    Inferior to the thyroid cartilage of the larynx
  97. 97What are the labelsThyroid cartilage
    Lobe of thyroid gland
    Isthmus of thyroid gland
    Trachea    What are the labels
  98. 98Why does the thyroid gland need to be highly vascularised?Because the thyroid gland is an endocrine gland therefore it secretes hormones directly into the blood
  99. 99What are the two main arteries that supply the thyroid gland?Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
    These are paired arteries arising on both left and right
  100. 100Where does the thyroid gland initially form during embryogenesis?The base of the tongue
  101. 101Where does the superior thyroid artery arise from?It is the first branch of the external carotid artery
    After arising the artery descends towards the thyroid gland and generally supplies the superior and anterior portions of the gland
  102. 102Where does the inferior thyroid artery arise from?From the thyrocervical trunk (from subclavian artery)
    The artery travels superomedially to reach the inferior pole of the thyroid
    It generally supplies the posterior inferior aspect of the thyroid
  103. 103What happens in a small number of people in the thyroid?In around 10% of people there is an additional artery present - the thyroid ima artery
    It comes from the brachiocephalic trunk of the aorta supplying the anterior surface and the isthmus
  104. 104Describe the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?Carried out by the superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins which form a venous plexus
    The superior and middle veins drain into the internal jugular veins
    The inferior drains into the brachiocephalic vein
  105. 105What innervates the thyroid gland?Branches of the sympathetic trunk
    However, these nerves do not control endocrine secretion - release of hormones is regulated by the pituitary gland
  106. 106What are the labels?Superior thyroid artery
    Superior thyroid vein
    Middle thyroid artery
    Inferior thyroid vein
    Right recurrent larygeal nerve    What are the labels?
  107. 107What is the thyroid gland?A large ductless gland in the neck which secretes hormones regulating growth and development through rate of metabolism
  108. 108What is the anatomical location of the parathyroid glands?The parathyroid glands are located in the posterior aspect if the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland
    They are flatted and oval in shape
  109. 109How many parathyroid glands do most people have?4 along variation in number is common
  110. 110What are two anatomical divisions of parathyroid glands?Superior parathyroid glands
    Inferior parathyroid glands
  111. 111Describe the superior parathyroid glands?Derived embryologically from the fourth pharyngeal pouch
    They are located approximately 1cm superior to the entry of the inferior thyroid arteries into the thyroid gland
  112. 112Describe the inferior parathyroid glands?Derived embryologically from the third pharyngeal pouch
    Although inconsistent in location between individuals, the inferior parathyroid glands are usually found near the inferior poles of the thyroid glands
  113. 113What is the vascular supply to the parathyroid glands?The inferior thyroid arteries
    Drainage via the thyroid plexus of veins
  114. 114What innervates the parathyroid glands?Branches of the cervical sympathetic ganglia
    These nerves are vasomotor and NOT neurosecretory, endocrine secretion of parathyroid hormone is controlled hormonally
  115. 115What are the labels?Left
    Superior parathyroid gland
    Inferior thyroid artery
    Right
    Thyroid gland
    Inferior parathyroid gland    What are the labels?
  116. 116What is the hyoid bone?A U shaped structure located in the anterior neck
  117. 117Where is the hyoid bone located?It lies at the base of the mandible (approx. C3) where it acts as a site of attachment for the anterior neck muscles
  118. 118What are the labels?Mandible
    Hyoid bone
    Larynx    What are the labels?
  119. 119What is the structure of the hyoid bone?Body: central are of the bone, it has an anterior convex surface and a concave posterior surface
    Greater horn: projects from each end of the body in a posterior, superior, lateral direction
    Lesser horn: arises from the superior aspect of the hyoid bone, near the origin of the greater horn. It projects superoposteriorly
  120. 120What are the labels?Less horn
    Body
    Greater horn    What are the labels?
  121. 121What are the oral cavity and pharynx muscles that attach to the hyoid bone?Middle pharyngeal constrictor
    Hyoglossus
    Genioglossus
  122. 122What are the suprahyoid muscles that attach to the hyoid bone?Digastric
    Stylohyoid
    Geniohyoid
    Mylohyoid
  123. 123What are the infra hyoid muscles that attach to the hyoid bone?Thyrohyoid
    Omohyoid
    Sternohyoid
  124. 124What are the ligament attachment to the hyoid bone?Stylohyoid ligament
    Thyrohyoid ligament
    Hyoepiglottic ligament
  125. 125What is the function of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles? (sternothyroid, thyrohyoid etc)They move the larynx up and down the neck and support its central position
    This is particularly important for swallowing
  126. 126Where may you create an emergency airway?In-between the thyroid and the cricoid cartilage, through the cricothyroid membrane
  127. 127Why does the thyroid gland have such a good blood supply?Iodine is present in very low concentration in the blood so the gland needs a high blood flow to ensure adequate delivery of iodine
    Is also an endocrine gland so secretes hormones directly into blood
  128. 128Which structure may be compressed by an enlarged thyroid gland?The trachea
  129. 129What is the location of the parathyroid glands and how many are there?They are positioned on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and there are four
  130. 130What is the only complete ring of cartilage around the airway?The cricoid cartilage
  131. 131Why may a patient develop hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery?The parathyroid glands may be accidentally or deliberately removed during thyroid surgery which will cause acute (sudden) hypothyroidism
  132. 132What forms the ganglia on the sympathetic chains and the vagus nerve?A collection of neurone cell bodies
  133. 133What is the name of the fused first thoracic and lower cervical sympathetic ganglia?The stellate ganglion
  134. 134What structures are supplied by the superior laryngeal nerve?Sensation to the inside of the larynx down to the vocal cords and the cricothyroid muscle
  135. 135Which special sensation is carried in the glossopharyngeal nerve?Taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue
  136. 136What is the location of the carotid sinus and what does it detect?The origin of the internal carotid artery; blood pressure
  137. 137What structures lie immediately behind the pharyngeal wall?A then layer of loose areolar tissue and then the cervical vertebral bodies
  138. 138Which parts of the pharynx lie below the lower border of the mandible?The hypopharynx
  139. 139What structure stops liquid refluxing into the back of the nose when swallowing?The soft palate
  140. 140Which nerve carries sensation from the larynx below the vocal cords?The recurrent laryngeal nerves
  141. 141Describe the histology of the mucosa of the trachea?Simple, columnar, pseudo stratified, ciliated, with goblet cells
  142. 142Which nerve travels through the parotid gland?The facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)
  143. 143Where do the parotid and submandibular ducts enter the mouth?Parotid: from the cheek adjacent to the second upper premolar
    Submandibular: under the tongue
  144. 144Which nerve supplies the muscles of the tongue?The hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII)

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Undergraduate first year Anatomy (Areas ) Flashcards on The neck - Anatomy , created by Erin Dunn on 28/11/2018.
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