16376097
Description
Flashcards by E.M. Flood, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by E.M. Flood
over 5 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why is energy described as a "one-way" flow, & matter is not? | It loses usefulness, while matter does not, & can be recycled |
| What are producers? (List examples.) | Make their own food (algae, plants, bacteria) |
| What are phototrophs? | Make food by sunlight |
| What are chemotrophs? | Make food by chemicals like sulfur and methane |
| What are consumers? | Obtain food by consuming other organisms |
| What are herbivores? (list examples) | Organisms that ear plants (deer, caterpillars) |
| What are omnivores? (list examples) | Organisms that eat plants & animals (bears, raccoons) |
| What are carnivores? (list examples) | Organisms that eat meat (cats, owls) |
| What are scavengers? (list examples) | Organisms that eat carcasses of other animals in larger chunks (vultures, crows) |
| What are detrivores? (list examples) | Organisms that eat broken down bits of plants & animals (crabs, flies) |
| What are decomposers? (list examples) | Organisms that break down bits of animals chemically (fungi & bacteria) |
| What is a food chain & a food web? | simple & complex energy transfers |
| Only _____ percent of energy is transferred due to rest being lost by organism as waste. | 10 |
| List the levels of the ecological pyramid from bottom to top. | Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer |
| What is evaporation? | Liquid water -> water vapor (loses energy) |
| What is transpiration? | Liquid water -> water vapor from plants (gains energy) |
| What is condensation? | Water vapor -> liquid water in clouds (loses energy) |
| What is precipitation? | Liquid/solide water falls to surface |
| What is surface runoff/snowmelt? | Water travels along ground, reaches ocean |
| What is infiltration? | Water soaks below soil |
| What is plant uptake? | Plant roots absorb groundwater |
| What are wells? | Man-made structures that bring groundwater to the surface |
| What are springs? | Like wells, but naturally occuring |
| What is photosynthesis? | Plants take in CO2/sunlight -> sugar/water |
| Oceans can suck up CO2 as _____. | carbonic acid |
| What is combustion? | Burning of organisms/fossil fules, releases CO2. |
| CO2 causes the _____, which _____ up the atmosphere. | greenhouse effect; warms |
| Briefly describe the carbon cycle. | animals/plants die -> carbon becomes part of soil -> ( if underground for a long time -> fossil fuels) -> respiration: nearly all organisms use carbon sugars for cellular energy, then excrete CO2 |
| Describe nitrogen fixation | bacteria turn N2 into plant usable sources -> same effect as lightning |
| Describe the nitrogen cycle. | denitrifying bacteria -> soil nitrogen -> gas (N2) |
| Nitrogen makes up _____ percent of the atmosphere | 78 |
| What is an alteration to the water cycle? | Redirecting rivers for crops; wells/taking more water than what can be replenished |
| What is an alteration of the CO2 cycle? | ocean uptake as carbonic acid; human combustion and plant respiration; cutting down trees |
| What is an alteration of the nitrogen cycle? | fertilizer runoff which causes algal blooms |
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