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Flashcards

Neuroanatomy 2

J Tchi Anatomy English 77 cards

Cards in this deck (77)

  1. 1Name the number of pairs of spinal nerves31
  2. 2Explain some characteristics of the spinal cordTwo-way connections;
    Major reflexes;
    Initiates complex patterns of motor activity
  3. 3Name the two compositions which hold the spinal cord in placeDentriculate Ligaments: Pia mater shelving
    Filium Terminale: Holds together and anchors in place
  4. 4name the purpose of the cervical and Lumbar enlargementsThick for upper and lower limb support
  5. 5Explain what the Cauda Equina doesWhere the nerves go in and out
  6. 6Explain the position of Gray Matter in the Spinal RootsCentrally Located;
    Surrounds Central Canal;
    Contains anterior and posterior horns
  7. 7Explain the purpose/Characteristics of the Anterior Horns of the Spinal RootSomatic Motor Neurons;
    Exit via Ventral Roots
  8. 8Explain the purpose/Characteristics of the Lateral Horns of the Spinal RootAutonomic Motor Neurons;
    Exit via Ventral Roots
  9. 9Explain the purpose/Characteristics of Dorsal Root Ganglions in the Spinal RootSensory Receptors;
    Axons enter cord to:
    1) Travel to brain centres
    2) Synapse with Posterior Horns
  10. 10Name the components of the Spinal NerveFused Dorsal and Ventral Roots
  11. 11Explain PoliomyelitisProblems with motor output;
    Affecting Central Roots;
    Can continue long term nerve damage
  12. 12List the steps of sensory and motor neurons in the Gray Matter of Spinal CordSomatic Sensory Neuron
    -
    Visceral Sensory Neuron
    -
    Visceral Motor Neuron
    -
    Somatic Motor Neuron
  13. 13NOTE: THE DORSAL AND VENTRAL ROOTS ARE PART OF THE _____, NOT THE _____!PNS
    NOT THE CNS
  14. 14Name the three tracts of the White MatterAscending;
    Descending;
    Transverse
  15. 15Name the general properties of Spinal Tracts1) Cross over from one side of CNS to other
    *DECUSSATION = CROSSING OVER*
    2) 2-3 neuron chain
    3) Exhibit Somatotopy
    4) Paired tracts
  16. 16Typically speaking: Information crosses over to the ______ if you are ______ of what is happeningCerebral Cortex;
    Aware
  17. 17Name the layers of protection of the CNSBones;
    Meninges;
    Cerebrospinal Fluid;
    Blood-Brain Barrier
  18. 18Name the properties of the Meninges of the layers (+ number of layers)Cover & protect CNS;
    Protect Blood Vessels;
    Contain Cerebrospinal Fluid;
    Form partitions within skull
    3 Layers
  19. 19Name the 3 layers of the MeningesDura Mater;
    Arachnoid Mater;
    Pia Mater
  20. 20Explain the properties of the Dura Mater (one of the Meninges)2 layers: Periosteal + Meningeal
    Spinal cord only has Meningeal
    2 Layers fuse except where there are DURAL SINUSES
    Also has Dural Septa
  21. 21Explain the properties of the Dural Septa (in the Dura Mater)Used to Anchor an Partition
    3 parts: Falx Cerebri,
    Tentorium Cerebelli;
    Falx Cerebelli
  22. 22Explain the properties of the Arachnoid Mater (one of the Meninges)Loose covering separated from DURA by SUBDURAL SPACE
    Subarachnoid space is between Arachnoid and PIA layer - filled with blood nessels
    Has granulations in CSF
  23. 23Explain the properties of the Pia Mater (one of the Meninges)Contains tiny blood vessels;
    Delicate
    Clings to brain;
    Follows Convolutions
  24. 24Explain MeningitisInflammation of the Menginges
  25. 25Explain EncephalitisInflammation of the Encephal
  26. 26Explain the properties of the Cerebrospinal FluidGives buoyancy to CNS tissue;
    More ions; Constantly Filtered
    CHOROID PLEXUSES: form CSF;
    clusters of capillaries enclosed by ependymal cells
  27. 27Explain HydrocephalusThere is an excess CSF in body,
    Causes pressure increase for adults and pain;
    Babies can accommodate the extra fluid sometimes
  28. 28Explain the layers of the Blood-Brain Barrier and why it existsWhy: Ions increase rate of neuronal firing if you want/stop info
    3 layers:
    1) Epithelium layer
    2) Basal Lamina
    3) Astrocytes
  29. 29Explain the properties of the Blood-Brain BarrierGets in: Glucose, Amino Acids, Electolytes, Ions (Lipidsolulable)
    Not completely Uniform!
  30. 30Explain the consequences of the Blood-Brain Barrier not being entirely uniformSome substances could have constant access to brain (which could affect both positive/negative) in babies
  31. 31Name the first 6 pairs of Cranial Nerves1) Olfactory
    2) Optic
    3) Oculomotor
    4) Trochlear
    5) Tirgeminal
    6) Abducens
  32. 32Name the last 6 pairs of Cranial Nerves7) Facial
    8) Vestibulocochlear
    9) Glossopharyngeal
    10) Vague
    11) Accessory
    12) Hypoglossal
  33. 33Use the saying to remember the order of the Cranial Nerves'On Occation, Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny - Very Good Vehicle AnyHow
  34. 34Name the saying to remember whether a cranial nerve is either sensory, motor or bothSome Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says (it's) Bad Business (to) Marry Money
  35. 35Explain the properties of the Olfactory Nerve #1*Sensory*
    Goes from nasal mucosa to olfactory bulbs
    Used for smells
  36. 36Explain the properties of the Optic Nerve #2*Sensory*
    Used for Vision
  37. 37Name the route of the Optic NerveOptic Chiasma (neuro crossovers)
    -
    Optic Tracts
    -
    Thalamus
    -
    Optical Radiation to Occipital Cortex
  38. 38Explain the properties of the Oculomotor Nerve #3*Motor*
    Used for Vision for eye Muscles, and Iris/Lens
  39. 39Name the Muscles associated with the Oculomotor Nerve #3Medial Rectus Muscle;
    Superior Rectus Muscle;
    Inferior Oblique Muscle;
    Inferior Rectus Muscle
  40. 40Explain the properties of the Trochlear Nerve #4*Motor*
    Used for eye fibers from Dorsal Midbrain
    Includes Superior Oblique Muscle
  41. 41Explain the properties of the Trigeminal Nerve #5*Both*
    LARGEST CRANIAL with 3 branches for sensory/chewing:
    Opthalmic (sensory)
    Maxillary (sensory)
    Mandibular (motor)
  42. 42Explain the properties of the Abducens Nerve #6*Motor*
    Used for eye muscle to ABDUCT
  43. 43Explain the properties of the Facial Nerve #7*Both*
    Used for facial expression (motor) and tongue glands (sensory)
  44. 44Name the Motor branches of the Facial Nerve #7Temporal;
    Zygomatic;
    Buccal;
    Mandibular;
    Cervical
  45. 45Name the Sensory glands of the Facial Nerve #7Lacrimal;
    Sublingual;
    Submandibular
    (they look like little egg sacs)
  46. 46Explain the properties of the Vestibulocochlear Nerve #8*Sensory*
    Used for hearing and balance
  47. 47Explain the properties of the Glossopharyngeal Nerve #9*Both*
    Used for tongue & Pharynx
    Sensory: CAROTID sinus + artery
    Motor: Swallowing/gag reflex
  48. 48Explain the properties of the Vagus Nerve #10*Both*
    Used for Parasympathetic + Proprioreceptors
    Sensory: CAROTID Sinus, taste
    Motor: Heart, Lungs, Abdominal, Pharynx
    *Big one to lots of body parts*
  49. 49Explain the properties of the Accessory Nerve #11*Motor*
    Used as part of VAGUS
    Supplies motor fibers to Trapezium & Sternocleidomastoid (Head & Neck)
  50. 50Explain the properties of the Hypoglossal Nerve #12*Motor*
    Beneath Tongue - mixing, swallowing, speech
  51. 51Explain the properties of a Spinal Nerve RootOne-Way Highway
    Dorsal - Sensory
    Ventral - Motor
  52. 52Explain the properties of a Spinal Nerve RamusTwo-way Highway
    (Both sensory/motor)
  53. 53There are ____ pairs of Spinal nerves which are all considered as ____ nerves31;
    mixed
  54. 54Explain the directions all Ventral Rami/Ramus travel (except for T2-T12)Later connections outside spinal cord
    -
    Nerve Plexuses where there are crisscrosses
  55. 55True or False: damage to one spinal segment or root cannot completely paralyze any limb muscleTrue! Each muscle receives nerve supply from MORE than ONE spinal nerve
  56. 56Explain the properties of Spinal Nerves C1-C4 (+ give typical area)*Cervical Plexus/Neck*
    Deep in Sternocleidomastoid
    Braches are CUTANEOUS nerves
    *PHRENIC NERVE: motor and sensory for diaphragm*
  57. 57Explain the properties of Spinal Nerves C5-T1*Brachial Plexus/Upper Limb*
    Axillary
    MUSCULOCUTANEOUS
    Median Nerve
    Ulnar
    Radial
  58. 58Explain the properties of the Axillary Nerve (Section C5-T1)Nerve running to shoulder
    *Deltoid Muscle*
  59. 59Explain the properties of the MUSCULOCUTANEOUS Nerve (Section C5-T1)Runs to Biceps Brachii/Brachialias
    Flexes Arm
  60. 60Explain the properties of the Median Nerve (Section C5-T1)Flexor in Anterior Forearm/Palm
    Pronate forearm, flex, thumbs
  61. 61Explain the properties of the Ulnar Nerve (Section C5-T1)Wrist/Finger Flexion and Adduction
    Abduction of Medial Fingers
  62. 62Explain the properties of the Radial Nerve (Section C5-T1)LARGEST
    From humerus to dorsal part of hand
    Lots of Movement
  63. 63Explain the properties of the Back NervesDORSAL RAMI
    Follows segmented Plan
  64. 64Explain the properties of Spinal Nerves T1-T12*Anterolateral Thorax*
    Contains Intercostal Nerves, Muscles and Thorax
  65. 65Explain the properties of Spinal Nerves L1-L4*Lumbar Plexus*
    Femoral Nerve: Up high near pelvis, Flexor/Extensor
    Obturator Nerve: Medial Thigh, ADDUCTS
  66. 66Explain the properties of Spinal Nerves L4-S4*Sacral Plexus*
    Sciatif Nerve,
    Tibial Nerve,
    Common Fibular Nerve,
    Superior & Inferior Gluteal Nerves,
    Pudendal Nerve
  67. 67Explain the properties of the Sciatic Nerve (Section L4-S4)Posterior thigh
    Diverges into Tibial + Common Fibular Nerves
  68. 68Explain the properties of the Tibial Nerve (Section L4-S4)Behind knee joint, posterior to calf and foot sole
  69. 69Explain the properties of the Common Fibular Nerve (Section L4-S4)To Knee joint, calf (anterolateral), Dorsum of Foot
  70. 70Explain the properties of the Superior & Inferior Gluteal Nerves (Section L4-S4)To Buttocks
  71. 71Explain the properties of the Pudendal Nerve (Section L4-S4)Muscles/Skin of Perineum
    Ex. Erection, Voluntary Urination
  72. 72Explain the term DermatomeArea of skin innervated by cutaneous Branches of a single spinal nerve
  73. 73Name the 3 layers of Nerve WrappingsEndoneurium,
    Perineurium,
    Epineurium
  74. 74Explain the Endoneurium layer of the Nerve WrappingsEncloses Nerve fiber;
    Loose
    Myelinated or Neurillemma Sheath
  75. 75Explain the Perineurium layer of the Nerve WrappingsCoarse CT
    Around a group of fibers (Fascicle)
  76. 76Explain the Epineurium layer of the Nerve WrappingsTough sheath
    Around all Fascicles to make a nerve
  77. 77Explain the term "Mixed Nerves"2 way traffic - includes both sensory and motor information

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Anatomy Flashcards on Neuroanatomy 2, created by J Tchi on 05/03/2019.
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J Tchi
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anp 1106 - neuroanatomy
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