Created by greenchloe1998
about 9 years ago
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Question | Answer |
Name the two types of hard water. | Permanent and temporary |
What are the differences between the two types of hard water? | Permanent hard water contains magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate ions. Temporary hard water contains magnesium hydrogen carbonate and calcium hydrogen carbonate ions. |
Describe the creation of temporary hard water. | Carbon dioxide in air an clouds rains onto mountains made of limestone. This is Ca2+ and creates calcium hydrogen carbonate. |
How do you soften water? | Temporary hard water can be softened by boiling it. Ca(HCO3)2 is heated to create CaCO3 (s) ,which is limescale, and carbon dioxide. |
How do you soften hard water? | Permanent hard water can be softened by using washing soda or using an ion exchange resin. Washing powder- Calcium ions + sodium carbonate ----> soluble sodium ions + calcium carbonate. |
Explain how an ion exchange column works. | The column contains beads of ion exchange resins- these are insoluble and negatively charged. the beads are coated with sodium which has a positive 1 charge. Because calcium and magnesium ions have a greater positive charge, they displace sodium on the resin beads. The sodium is soluble so it dissolves in the water. There will be a point when the column needs to be replaced as the calcium and magnesium will not be attracted to the resin beads anymore. |
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