Hard and soft water

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Short flashcards on how to soften water.
greenchloe1998
Flashcards by greenchloe1998, updated more than 1 year ago
greenchloe1998
Created by greenchloe1998 about 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
Name the two types of hard water. Permanent and temporary
What are the differences between the two types of hard water? Permanent hard water contains magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate ions. Temporary hard water contains magnesium hydrogen carbonate and calcium hydrogen carbonate ions.
Describe the creation of temporary hard water. Carbon dioxide in air an clouds rains onto mountains made of limestone. This is Ca2+ and creates calcium hydrogen carbonate.
How do you soften water? Temporary hard water can be softened by boiling it. Ca(HCO3)2 is heated to create CaCO3 (s) ,which is limescale, and carbon dioxide.
How do you soften hard water? Permanent hard water can be softened by using washing soda or using an ion exchange resin. Washing powder- Calcium ions + sodium carbonate ----> soluble sodium ions + calcium carbonate.
Explain how an ion exchange column works. The column contains beads of ion exchange resins- these are insoluble and negatively charged. the beads are coated with sodium which has a positive 1 charge. Because calcium and magnesium ions have a greater positive charge, they displace sodium on the resin beads. The sodium is soluble so it dissolves in the water. There will be a point when the column needs to be replaced as the calcium and magnesium will not be attracted to the resin beads anymore.
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