Attachment - Cultural Variations

Question	Answer
Takahashi (1990)	Used the strange situation to look at 60 middle-class Japanese mothers and children. Found high rates of insecure-resistant attachment (32%). However still found main attachment was secure attachment.
Fox (1977)	Studied infants raised in an Israeli kibbutzim who were primarily cared for by a nurse. Tested in the strange situation and fond they were equally attached to both mother and nurse.
Takahashi (1990)	Tested 60 middle-class Japanese mothers and children in the strange situation. They found high rates of insecure-resistant attachment (32%) however secure attachment was still most common.
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)	Conducted a meta-analysis on 8 different countries (32 studies) who used the strange situation. Found that secure attachment was the most common over all countries.
Evaluation of Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)	Weakness = culture bias (Rothbaum 2000) Weakness = strange situation Strange situation = ecological validity strange situation = imposed etic

Resource summary

	Created by English GCSE about 9 years ago