19417989
Description
Flashcards by Constance Randall, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Constance Randall
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a covalent bond? | Each atom gives one electron so that the atoms share a pair of electrons. |
| What are the 4 macromolecules? | Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Amino acids |
| What is a monomer? | A covalent bond linked through dehydration |
| What are the 4 molecules of a living organism? | Carbon Nitrogen Hydrogen Oxygen |
| How do you describe a carbon atom? | They can form chains/rings. They can be single, double, or triple They can bind together to make new elements. |
| What is a polymer? | Water being removed from one molecule to create a larger one. |
| What is polymerization? | Monomers joining together to form a polymer. |
| What are the 3 functional groups? | Carboxyl (COOH) Hydroxyl (-OH) Amino group (NH2) |
| What's in a carbohydrate? | Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen |
| What is a polysaccharide? | Multi-chained polymers. |
| What is glycogen? | Simple sugars stored in a polysaccharide. |
| What is cellulose? | A building block for cell walls of plants. It's a complex-carbohydrate for plants. |
| What is Fructose? | cyclic glucose rearranged Penta-sugar |
| What is Sucrose? | Glucose+Fructose |
| What is maltose? | Glucose+Glucose |
| What is a Lipid? | Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen BUT is INSOLUBLE in WATER |
| What is a Triglyceride? | A glycerol head joined with 3 fatty acid chains. Long time energy storage. |
| What is a Saturated Fat? | A fatty acid chain of carbon atoms joined by single covalent bonds |
| What is Unsaturated Fat? | A fatty acid chain of carbon atoms joined by DOUBLE bonds. |
| What is a characteristic of Saturated fat? | Solid at room temperature Has a rigid barrier Is not permeable |
| What is a characteristic of a Unsaturated fat? | Oily not solid Selective barrier can let water/ other solutions through. |
| What is a protein? | A large polymer(s) that aid in movement and structural support. |
| What is an Enzyme? | Proteins that increase the rate of a chemical reaction. |
| Describe Amino Acids: | Contain a Carboxyl (COOH) group and Amino group(NH2) |
| How many types of amino acids are there? | 20 |
| What is a peptide? | When two amino acids are joined together through dehydration |
| What is a polypeptide? | Multiple peptides linked together as a chain. |
| What is a Nucleic Acid? | Polymers made of : Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus |
| What are Nucleotides? | Monomers that form the links of a nucleic acid chain. |
| What are the 3 parts of a Nucleotide? | Penta-sugar phosphate group (sugar) Nitrogenous base |
| What are Purines? | Adenine & Guanine |
| What are Pyrimidines? | Cytosine & Thymine |
| What are the 4 nucleotides? | Adenine Thymine guanine Cytosine |
| What is DNA? | DeoxyriboNucleicAcid Double helix |
| What is RNA? | RiboNucleicAcid Single strand |
| What is ATP? | Adenosine TriphosPhate |
| What is ADP? | Aenosine DiphosPhate |
| What is the difference between ATP & ADP? | ATP: Unstable bond, consist of 3 phosphates bonded together. ADP: Stable bond, releases energy, aids in cell activities. |
| What is the Empirical formula for Glucose? | C6-H12-O6 |
| What is the empirical formula for Fructose? | C6-H12-O6 |
| What is the empirical formula for Sucrose? | C12-H22-O11 |
| What is the empirical formula for Maltose? | C12-H22-O11 |
| What is an Isomer? | Molecules that share the same empirical formula but have different shapes. |
| What are some examples of Isomers? | 1.) Glucose and Fructose 2.) Sucrose,Maltose and Lactose |
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