Flashcards
ARTH 106 Midterm
Cards in this deck (61)
- 1—-Temple of Hera
-Paestum
-550-525 BCE
-Significance: one of the early examples of development of the Doric order; aesthetic symbolification of wood structures (Vitruvius) - 2—-Parthenon
-Athenian Acropolis
-Iktinos
-447-432 BCE
-Perfect example of classical architecture; Doric order (Vitruvius); architectural refinements result in optical illusions to make temple more appealing to the human eye
- 3—-Propylaea
-Athenian Acropolis
-Mnesikles
-437-432 BCE
-Monumental gateway to the Acropolis; Doric order on outside encasing Ionic inside, emphasizing masculinity/femininity (Vitruvius)
- 4—-Temple of Athena Nike
-Athenian Acropolis
-430s-420 BCE
-Shows increasing usage of ionic order, which would become standard by 500s; more tall and slender columns (Vitruvius)
- 5—-Roman Wall-painting (Second Style)
-Room 15, Villa of Oplontis
-1st c. BCE
-Shows how ancient people were using some forms of perspective before the development of linear perspective (top panels have vanishing point, bottom have horizontal lines parallel and no vanishing point); evidence of earlier spatial representations, shows multiplicity of views
- 6—- Arch of Titus
-Rome
-Ca. 81 CE
Appropriating general ideas of classical architecture (like Colosseum); Carolingian architecture (reconnecting with Roman antiquity)
- 7—-The Pantheon
-Rome
-Dedicated 126 CE
-Architectural achievement in the creation of the 44m diameter dome (largest until 20th century), with lightweight caementa or stones (pumice) at crown and external step-rings reducing horizontal thrust; materials increasingly light as height increases, going out to thrust pressure outward
- 8—-Arch of Constantine
-Rome
-315 CE
-Renaissance architecture, revisiting antiquity; architecture to showcase power of a leader (victory arch)
- 9—-"The Ideal City"
-Attributed to L. Laurana or M. da Forlì
-1470s CE
-Panofsky’s “Perspective as Symbolic Form” cites it as early example of Renaissance perspective, the "correct" way of representation; shows egocentric (???) representation beginning
- 10—-Church Sant' Andrea
-Mantua
-Alberti
-After 1472 CE
-Renaissance architecture, revisiting the classical (Hubsch) (quoting from Arch of Titus), elements include arches, pediment, like classical architecture with more complex architectural elements on the facade
- 11—-San Giorgio Maggiore
-Venice
-A. Palladio
-1560 CE
-Renaissance--antiquity reborn, shows continuing discourse with antiquity (Hubsch), clearly drawing inspiration from Roman temple fronts; has some buttressing, meaning that technological innovations from Gothic period were not obsolete in the Renaissance; dome
- 12—-Villa Rotonda
-Vicenza, Italy
-A. Palladio
-1565-9
-ClassicAL--reappropriating elements of Greek/Roman architecture, dome, highly ornate interior, columns, pediment, importance of the plan (?), arches in the bottom for support
- 13—-San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
-Rome, Italy
-F. Borromini
-1665-76
-Baroque architecture--antiquity twisted, lots of ornamentation, playful, taking a step a little further away from antiquity than Renaissance architecture
- 14—-Design for a Cenotaph for Newton
-Etienne-Louis Boullee
-1784
-Boullee believed that form should be expressive of function, hence his design for Newton being a sphere. This shows architecture expressing ideals of the Enlightenment
- 15—-Merchant's Exchange
-Philadelphia
-W. Strickland
-1832-4
-Emblematic of neoclassical/Greek Revival in American in the 19th century, direct quotation of classical architecture, has columns (both structural and ornamental)
- 16—-Peak Leisure Club
-Hong Kong
-Zaha Hadid
-1982-3
-Shows architecture engaging with the landscape and environment, shows how modern technology (novel materials, modeling) changed 21st century architecture
- 17—-Monument of Lysikrates
-Athens
-335-334 BCE
What the Merchant's Exchange is based on, one of the earliest examples of Corinthian order on building's exterior
- 18—-Chartres Cathedral
-France
-Begun 1134, rebuilt after 1194
Gothic architecture--vaulted arches, lots of ornamentation (patterned complexity/fractal organization); a sonic landscape (ubiquitous sound, sound waves reverberating for an unusually long time)--Goldhagen; Bishops the prime movers of Gothic architecture, showing how architecture reflects power; technological innovations such as flying buttresses
- 19—-Villa Savoye
-Le Corbusier
-France
-1928-31
Patterned complexity (contrasting structures), example of taking the villa into the modern era and making it modern, paradigm of modern architecture/international style
- 20—-Severan marble plan of Rome
-3rd c. CE
-Temple of Peace, Rome
Mounted on wall of Temple of Peace in Rome, map as a means of ordering knowledge, example of architectural plan in antiquity
- 21—-Pazzi Chapel
-Florence
-Brunelleschi
-1430-33 CE
Example of Renaissance architecture - antiquity reborn, shows continuing discourse with antiquity even in the Renaissance
- 22—-Vitruvian Hut
-Marc-Antoine Laugier
-Essai sur l’architecture
-1753
Farnsworth house frame based on Vitruvian Hut, inspired modernism bc simplicity
- 23—-Crystal Palace
-London, England
-Joseph Paxton
-1851
Housed international exhibition, building technique/type embodied the essence of a new age, early example of modernism, used novel building materials (steel, glass)
- 24—-Villa Emo
-Treviso, Italy
-Palladio
-1559-65
A Renaissance villa, emblematic of the pastoral vision of the villa, recapturing the villa lifestyle of antiquity
- 25—-Stahl House
-LA
-Pierre Koenig
-1960
Example of a modern villa, overlooking LA like villas of antiquity overlooking the Roman countryside, example of international style/modern architecture, critique of modernism in Mon Oncle
- 26—-PSFS Building
-Philadelphia
-Howe and Lescaze
-1930-32
Early example of skyscraper, skyscrapers embody the essence of a new age of technology, example of international style/modernism
- 27—-Looshaus
-Vienna
-Adolf Loos
-1911
Modernism's critique of ornament (Loos, "Ornament is Crime"), example of early modernism and early step away from ornamental architecture
- 28—-Piazza d'Italia
-New Orleans
-Charles Moore
-1979
Example of postmodernism--"less is more/less is a bore," stepping away from modernism and returning to ornament in exaggerated ways, returning to antiquity in the postmodern by exaggerating it, recalling Italian heritage of NOLA residents,
- 29—-Vanna Venturi House
-Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia
-Robert Venturi
-1962-4
Postmodernism, cartoonish image of a house, POSTmodern villa
- 30—-Erechtheion
-Athenian Acropolis
-421-407 BCE
Caryatid porch, emphasizing femininity of ionic order
- 31—-Parthenon
-Rome
-126 CE
Dome construction--material lighter as it went up, arches inside the walls for support, concrete--novel material, oculus
- 32—-Metrological relief from Salamis, Greece
-Salamis Greece
-4th c. BCE
Shows use of human body for measurement, following The Canon of Polykleitos, comparison of units of measurement, these ideas would continue on in Vitruvian Man and Modular Man
- 33—-Metrological relief
-Oxford
-450 BCE
Shows use of human body for measurement, following The Canon of Polykleitos, comparison of units of measurement, these ideas would continue on in Vitruvian Man and Modular Man
- 34—-Construction drawings and refinements from Temple of Apollo at Didyma
-Greece
-3rd c. BCE (1985 drawings by Haselburger)
Evidence of plans and drawings in the construction process, refinements like the Parthenon
- 35—-Pantheon construction drawings
-c. 120 BCE
Evidence of plans and drawings in the construction process
- 36—-Vitruvian Man
-Leonardo da Vinci
-c. 1492
Making the ideal human body, making architecture with the human body in mind, proportions, attributed to a member of the Sangallo family
- 37—-The Modulor Man
-Le Corbusier
-c. 1945
Modern version of the Vitruvian Man, making the ideal human body, making architecture with the human body in mind, proportions
- 38—-Canon of Polykleitos
-5th c. BCE
Original creation of human as basis for architectural proportions, the ideal human body, making architecture with the human body in mind
- 39—-Doryphoros statue
-Pompeii
Muscular, standing warrior, originally bearing a spear on his left shoulder, perfectly harmonious/balanced proportions, related to Canon of Polykleitos
- 40—-Construction process and refinements of the Parthenon
-1999
-Manolis Korres
Architectural refinements of Parthenon, important to make it look good optically, architectural plan
- 41—-Unité d’habitation
-Marseilles, France
-Le Corbusier
-1947-52
- 42—-Groma
-Shown on tombstones
-1st c. BCE - 1st c. CE
Roman surveying tool, carved onto tombstones showing its importance, used to survey straight lines and right angles, squares and rectangles, example of early architectural technology
- 43—-Chorobates
-Described by Vitruvius
-1st c. BCE
Example of early architectural technology; Step-leveling at a constant height, leveling backsights and foresights and measurement of the height of
the point sighted, comparative leveling carried out with chorobates (ex. boring a sloping tunnel from two ends and planning the exits)
- 44—-Tunnel of Eupalinos
-Samos, Greece
-Eupalinos
-6th c. BCE
Built through a mountain to supply fresh water from the spring of Agiades to the city of Samos, made possible by Roman architectural technology (chorobates)
- 45—-Duomo
-Florence, Italy
-1430s CE
-Brunelleschi
Urban landmark equivalent to Parthenon, an engineering marvel, not round like earlier domes made of concrete; inner dome of sandstone and marble, outer dome of brick and mortar, proto-Renaissance architecture also inspired by gothic architecture
- 46—-Baptistery of San Giovanni
-11th-13th c. CE
-Includes Ghiberti's East Doors, Gates of Paradise, c. 1425-52 CE
Romanesque "Roman" style, revisiting antiquity in the Renaissance, octagonal like the Duomo, vital to the development of linear perspective in the Renaissance by Brunelleschi; incredibly ornate golden doors with religious reliefs, recently-discovered principles of perspective used in carvings
- 47—-Fallingwater
-Mill Run, PA
-Frank Lloyd Wright
-1935
Example of modern reimagining of villa, uses the environment harmoniously in its construction, overlooking nature like villas of antiquity, one of the most famous and influential examples of modern architecture, geometricity
- 48—-Villa Medici
-Fiesole, Italy
-Alberti
-1458-62 CE
Renaissance villa, makes use of Alberti’s visual pyramid and the picture plane, shows the pastoral settings of villas, overlooking countryside
- 49—-Villa Oplontis
-Oplontis, Italy
-Mid 1st c. BCE - 79 CE
Home of wall paintings showing early technique of spatial representation--flagship of technological achievement, example of luxury maritime villa on the Bay of Naples, shows selective discourse with antiquity
- 50—-Wall paintings featuring villa facades
-From the house of Marcus Lucretius Fronto
-Pompeii, Italy
-Mid 1st c. BCE
Evidence of early techniques of spatial representation which focused on ideas of landscape, shows multiplicity of views, shows how ancient people were using some forms of perspective before the development of linear perspective
- 51—-Nero's Golden House
-Rome, Italy
-65-68 CE
Example of an imperial residence around, Octagon room shows roofing technique for large spaces with cross-vault and doming, made use of novel material of concrete in vaulting after its 15th c. discovery it influenced architectural discourse with antiquity, inspiring designs for several centuries
- 52—-Hadrian's Villa
-Tivoli, Italy
-118-134 CE
Recreation of empire within a villa, reproduced elements of material cultures of Egypt, Greece, and Rome in the form of an "ideal city," use of concrete vaulting, new technology of concrete
- 53—-Sketch of the Praeotrium in Hadrian's villa
-Le Corbusier
-1911
Shows Corbu's inspiration from antiquity, shows interest in volume, plan, and surface that would define much of Corbu's architecture,
- 54—-Notre-Dame-du-Haute Chapel
-Ronchamp, France
-Le Corbusier
-1950
Shows interest in volume, mass, and structure; exemplary of Corbu's later architecture, his more experimental/playful stage, playing with curvature, not practicing in the international style anymore
- 55—-Parliament Building
-Chandigarh, India
-Le Corbusier
-1953-63
Parliament building in first planned city in India; East of West, using both eastern and western influences (bull-inspired shape of roof), modern discourse with antiquity
- 56—-Plan of Piraeus
-Greece
-Hippodamus of Miletus
-5th c. BCE
Planned city, set standards for ancient city planning, contrasts with cities that developed more organically
- 57—-Plan of the city of Delos
-Delos, Greece
-2nd and 1st c. BCE
From literary sources to archaeological reality--excavations to find monuments recorded in literature, served as site of The Symposia of Delos on city planning (served as inspiration for planning of modern cities), 5th c. face of Delos most important because of important temple of Apollo - example of archaeology going back to one specific moment in time
- 58—-Suleyminaye Mosque
-Istanbul, Turkey
-Sinan
-1550s
Example of the Ottoman Renaissance, inspired by antiquity, looking back to history of the area, sort of in conversation with the history and also in competition with it
- 59—-Selimeye Mosque
-Edirne, Turkey
-Sinan
-1560s-70s
Example of the Ottoman Renaissance, inspired by antiquity, looking back to history of the area, sort of in conversation with the history and also in competition with it; Sinan wrote that dome surpassed that of Hagia Sophia
- 60—-Getty Villa
-California
-Robert Langdon and Ernest Wilson
-1974
Based on Villa of the Papyri reconstruction, made under supervision of an art historian, shows continued discourse with antiquity, influenced modern views of what the villa of papyri might have looked like
- 61—-Franklin Court
-Philadelphia, PA
-Venturi & Scott Brown
-1976
Made for the bicentennial, "ghost" structures based on archaeology with main exhibition area underground, when the US was very interested in revisiting its history, unlike with other representations of history (e.g. Getty Villa) it doesn't attempt to recreate what his house really looked like but instead deliberately points to the structure's historicity, incorporates archaeology in a very self-conscious way into its design, incorporates quotes about house/construction into its design
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- Flashcards on ARTH 106 Midterm, created by Brooke Krancer on 24/10/2019.
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