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Description
Flashcards by Maria Stuart, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Maria Stuart
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How many chromosomes are in a human cell? | There are 46 chromosomes in a human cell, that's 23 pairs. |
| Why does mitosis occur and where in the body can it happen? | Mitosis is used to replace old or worn out cells, repair of the body, and growth. It can happen anywhere in your body. |
| What are the steps of mitosis? | 1. The cell creates a copy of each chromosome. 2. The chromosomes line up from top to bottom of the cell. 3. One of each copy moves to each side of the cell and the cell separates. 4. Mitosis is complete! |
| Where does meiosis happen? | It happens only in the reproductive organs in order to produce sex cells (gametes). |
| What are the steps of meiosis? | 1. The parent cell makes two copies of each chromosome 2. The cell divides into two 3. The resulting two cells (each containing 23 pairs of chromosomes) now split once again 4. Meiosis is complete; there are four cells produced and each only has half of the chromosomes (23 chromosomes) |
| At the end of meiosis, why are there only 23 - half the number of chromosomes - in each daughter cell? | Because when the gametes (sex cells) fuse in fertilisation, the resulting cell will have the full set of chromosomes: 23 chromosomes from the sperm + 23 chromosomes from the egg = 23 pairs of chromosomes in the offspring |
| What are alleles? | Alleles are different variations of the same gene. For example, the gene for hair colour has an allele for dark hair and an allele for light hair. |
| What does heterozygous mean? | Heterozygous is when you have two different alleles for the same gene. For example, an allele for brown eyes and an allele for blue eyes. |
| What does homozygous mean? | When you have two of the same alleles for one gene. For example, two alleles for brown eyes. |
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