21878016
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What does the blastocyst give rise to? | Epiblast and hypoblast |
| What are the two layers of the blastocyst? | 1. Trophectoderm: embryonic tissue 2. Inner cell mass: Generates embryo, contains embryonic stem cells |
| How does the blastocyst implant into the uterine wall? | Trophectoderm sends processes to infiltrate wall |
| What is gastrulation? | The generation of the 3 germ layers: 1. Ectoderm 2. Medoderm 3. Endoderm |
| What are the functions of the hypoblast (outside) and epiblast (inside) made by the inner cell mass? What do they form after? | Hypoblast: extra embryonic structure Epiblast: source of embryo and three germ layers The primitive streak |
| What do cells ingressing into the primitive streak form? What do cells at the surface form? What is the order? | The endoderm/mesoderm The ectoderm Endo, meso, ecto |
| What do the engressing cells form? In what order? | Endoderm (1st) Mesoderm (2nd) Ectoderm (3rd) - However, they form from cells left behind |
| Endoderm gives rise to | GI tract Lung Pancreas Liver Thymus |
| Mesoderm gives rise to | Vertebral column Skeleton Skeletal muscle Circulatory system Blood Kidney |
| Ectoderm gives rise to | Skin Nervous system |
| What do cells that move to the tip of the primitive streak form? | Midline/dorsal structures |
| What do cells that are more along the primitive streak form? | Paraxial/ventral structures |
| What determines the medial lateral axis during gastrulation? | The POSITION of the cells along primitive streak |
| What determines the head-tail axis during gastrulation? | The TIMING of when cells migrate to positions |
| What do cells that move first form? | Structures at the rostral (head) |
| What do cells that move later form? | Structures at the Caudal (tail) |
| Where does the neural plate form? | The ectoderm |
| What does the neural plate give rise to? | The central nervous system |
| What is the process of neural plate folding and neuralation? | 1. Neural plate folds into neural tube 2. Closure of the neural tube (neuralation) 3. Signals from the axial mesoderm leads to neuron formation/eyefield seperation 4. Edges of ectoderm wrap around meso/endoderm |
| Where do motor neurons form? | Ventral (under) end of the neural tube |
| Where do sensory neurons form? | Dorsal (upper) end of the neural tube |
| What are neural crest cells? | Migratory cells from the dorsal neural tube Different migratory paths leads to different structures |
| How are cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) formed? | NCCs are formed at the edges of the neural tube (neural folds) and migrate ventrally which accumulate in pharyngeal a riches of the embryo |
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