22120855
Description
Flashcards by Sam Adeyiga, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sam Adeyiga
almost 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Folliculitis/Stye Signs/Symptoms | Superficial infections surrounding hair follicles on the skin (folliculitis) or on the eyelids (stye) |
| Folliculitis/Stye Common etiology | 1. S. aureus 2. P. aeruginosa (with exposure to pools) ** S. aureus = aerobic GPC = staphyloccoci) ** Pseudomonas aeruginosa = aerobic GNR |
| Folliculitis/Stye treatment [CEM] | 1. Local, warm compress 2. Topical clindamycin, erythromycin, mupirocin (CEM) |
| Furuncle/Carbuncle Signs/Symptoms | 1. Painful, firm, tender, red nodule 2. May include systemic symptoms if bacteria have entered the bloodstream |
| Furuncle/Carbuncle Common etiology | 1. S. aureus (Gram (+) = staphylococci) 2. S. pyogenes (Gram (+) = B-hemolytic) |
| Furuncle/Carbuncle treatment | 1. Small furuncles: Moist heat 2. Large furuncles/carbuncles: Incision and drainage 3. Immucompromised, severe infections, or unresponsive to incision: SMX/TMP, doxycycline, clindamycin, linezolid (BDCL) |
| Erysipelas Signs/Symptoms | Red, edematous, painful lesions with sharply demarcated borders |
| Erysipelas common etiology | 1. s. aureus 2. s. pyrogenes 3. s. agalactiae [GNC = B-hemolytic] |
| Erysipelas treatment | 1. Mild/Moderate: Penicillin VK x 7-10 days OR Clindamycin (penicillin allergy) 2. Severe: IV penicillin |
| Impetigo Signs/Symptoms | Small, clear fluid-filled vesicles, which turn into pus-filled blisters that ruptures that dry to form a golden-yellow crust |
| Impetigo common etiology | 1. Bullous: S. aureus 2. Non-bullous: S. aureus and S. pyogenes |
| Impetigo treatment | 1. Topical: Mupirocin TID x 5 days OR Retapamulin BID x 5 days 2. Non-responsive to topical: Dicloxacillin/cephalexin x 7 days Clindamycin (penicillin allergy) |
| Cellulitis Signs/Symptoms | 1. Infection of the dermis and subcutaneous fat tissue characterized by induration, erythema, edema, and inflammation 2. Hot to the touch with poorly defined margins |
| Cellulitis common etiology | 1. s. aureus 2. s. pyrogenes |
| Cellulitis treatment | 1. Mild: Anti-staph, 1st gen cephalosporin, clindamycin (penicillin allergy) x 5-10 days 2. If MRS suspected, use a MRSA-covering agent |
| Necrotizing infections Signs/Symptoms | Severe infection of the subcutaneous tissue resulting in progressive destruction of tissue and fascia. |
| Necrotizing infections common etiology | 1. Type I: Polymicrobial (1 aerobe + 1 anaerobe) 2. Type II: S. pyogenes C. perfringens *** C. perfringens = anaerobic GPR = |
| Necrotizing infections treatment | 1. Type I: Broad spectrum (aerobic Gram+, Gram-, and anaerobes) therapy 2. Type 2: Penicillin + clindamycin |
| Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) Signs/Symptoms | Inflammation, purulent secretions in patients with diabetes |
| Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) Common etiology | Combination: 1. Gram+ (S. arues, enterococci, streptococci) 2. Gram- (Pseudomonas spp,) 3. Anaerobes (B. fragilis) |
| Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) treatment | 1. Mild: 7-14 days of oral S. aureus + streptococcus coverage 2. Moderate: Oral/IV broad spectrum therapy x 10-14 days with no OM (4-6 weeks with OM) 3. Severe: IV broad spectrum therapy x 10-14 days with no Osteomyelitis (OM) (4-6 weeks with OM) |
| Bite wounds Signs/Symptoms | Purulent discharge, erythema, and swelling |
| Bite wounds common etiology (Animal) | 1. Pasturella multocida 2. Moraxella spp. 3. Neisseria spp. *** Neisseria = GNC = Aerobic |
| Bite wounds common etiology (Human) | 1. Steptococcus spp. 2. S. aureus 3. Eikenella corrodens 4. Anaerobes |
| Bite wounds treatment (Animal) | 1. Amoxicillin/clavulanate x 5-7 days 2. Bite on the head, joint, or hand: IV ampicillin/sulbactam, cephamycin, cefotetan, or carbapenem x 7-14 days 3. Prophylaxis: 3-5 days of antibiotic treatment |
| Bite wounds treatment (Human) | 1. Amoxicillin/clavulanate x 5-7 days 2. Serious injuries: IV ampicillin/sulbactam, cephamycin, cefotetan, or carbapenem x 7-14 days 3. Prophylaxis: 3-5 days of antibiotic treatment |
| Osteomyelitis Signs/Symptoms | Pain, swelling, fever, chills, decreased range of motion 2. Elevated ESR, CRP, and WBC |
| Osteomyelitis common etiology | MSSA MRSA Enteric Gram- P. aeruginosa |
| Osteomyelitis treatment | See Table 3 of your note |
| Infectious arthritis Signs/Symptoms | 1. Fever, painful swollen joint in the absence of trauma 2. Elevated ESR and WBC |
| Infectious arthritis common etiology | 1. s. aureus 2. N. gonorrhoeae |
| Infectious arthritis treatment | 1. Joint drainage and rest 2. Gonoccocal: IV ceftriaxone x 7 days OR IV doxycycline (penicillin allergy) 2. Nongonoccocal: Table 3 treatments for MSSA and MRSA |
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