22149928
Description
Flashcards by Sam Adeyiga, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sam Adeyiga
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| β-lactams are ---? | 1. Penicillins 2. Cephalosporins 3. Carbapenems 4. Monobactams |
| β-lactams MOA | 1. inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. 2. β-lactam antibiotics bind penicillin binding proteins (PBPs), enzymes involved in developing the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall, and disrupt cell wall construction, repair, and maintenance. 3. Bactericidal |
| Penicillins are ---? | 1. Natural Penicillins (G, and V) 2. Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins (DON) = Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin 3. Aminopenicillins = Ampicillin, Amoxicillin. 4. β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations = Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid (Augmentin®), Ampicillin + Sulbactam (Unasyn®), Piperacillin + Tazobactam (Zosyn®) |
| Cephalosporins are ---- | 1st gen: Cephalexin (Keflex), Cefazolin (Ancef®) 2nd gen: Cefuroxime (Zinacef®), Cefuroxime axetil (Ceftin®), Cefoxitin (Mefoxin®), Cefotetan (Cefotan®) 3rd gen: Ceftriaxone (Rocephin®), Cefdinir (Omnicef®), Ceftazidime (Fortaz®). 4th gen: Cefepime (Maxipime®) 5th gen: Ceftaroline (Teflaro®) |
| Carbapenems are ---? [DIME] | Doripenem (Doribax®) Imipenem + Cilastatin (Primaxin®) Meropenem (Merrem®) Ertapenem (Invanz®) |
| 5th generation cephalosporin Ceftaroline (Teflaro®) antimicrobial coverage are ---? | 1. Staphylococcus aureus (including MSSA and MRSA), S. pyogenes 2. S. agalactiae, and 3. some gram-negatives (E. coli and Klebsiella spp. |
| 1. Glycopeptide is ----? 2. lipoglycopeptides are ------ ? | 1. Vancomycin 2. telaVancin, dalbaVancin, oritaVancin |
| Vancomycin and lipoglycopeptides moa --- -------- ? | 1. inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis 2. bind with the D-ALA-D-ALA (D-alanine-D-alanine) dipeptide that is attached to peptidoglycan precursors (i.e., building blocks for peptidoglycan). 3. prevent cross-linking. |
| Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are --- ? | 2nd gen: Ciprofloxacin (Cipro®), (Proquin®) 3rd gen: Levofloxacin (Levaquin®, Leva-Pak® Advanced-generation: Moxifloxacin (Avelox®) Anti-MRSA: Delafloxacin (Baxdela®) Topical, non-fluorinated quinolone • Ozenoxacin 1% (Xepi®) (cream |
| Fluoroquinolones (FQs) MOA --- ? | 1. Inhibit DNA Synthesis 2. inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. 3. Bactericidal |
| ---------- is a topical nonfluorinated quinolone for impetigo in adults and pediatric patients 2 months of age and older. | Ozenoxacin 1% cream |
| --------- is the first and only fluoroquinolone with activity against MRSA | Delafloxacin |
| Aminoglycosides are ---- ? [TANG-cins] | 1. Amikacin (Amikin®) 2. Gentamicin (Garamycin®) 3. Neomycin (Mycifradin®, Neo-fradin®) 4. Tobramycin (Nebcin®) |
| Aminoglycosides MOA ---- ? | 1. Inhibit Protein Synthesis 2. interfere with the proofreading function of ribosomes Aminoglycosides interfere with the proofreading function of ribosomes, leading to mistranslation of RNA templates, and the selection of the wrong amino acids. This error leads to the formation of ‘nonsense proteins’. 3. Bactericidal |
| Oxazolidinones are ---- ? | 1. Linezolid [zyVox] 2. Tedizolid phosphate [siVextro]) |
| Linezolid [zyVox] MOA --- ? | 1. inhibits protein synthesis at the initiation stage by binding the 50S subunit of the 23 S rRNA 2. prevents formation of the 70S ribosomal initiation complex. 3. is bacteriostatic (limits the growth of bacteria) to enterococci and staphylococci and bacteriocidal (kills bacteria) against streptococci. |
| Tedizolid phosphate [siVextro]) MOA --- ? (It is a prodrug) | 1. binds to the 50S bacterial ribosomal subunit. 2. prevents the formation of a functional 70S initiation complex that is essential for the bacterial translation process and subsequently inhibits protein synthesis. 3. is bacteriostatic against enterococci, staphylococci, and streptococci. |
| Clindamycins MOA ---- ? | 1. binds the 50S bacterial ribosome and inhibiting protein synthesis 2. It is a bacteriostatic 3. is antagonistic to the macrolides and these agents should not be co-administered |
| Tetracycline family are ---- ? | 1. Doxycycline (Vibramycin®, Doryx®, Monodox®) 2. Minocycline (Minocin®) 3. Tetracycline |
| Tetracycline MOA --- ? | 1. bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit and inhibit protein synthesis |
| mupirocin (bactroban®) MOA ---- ? | 1. binds isoleucyl transfer-RNA and prevents incorporation of isoleucine into bacterial proteins. 2. Diminished amounts of isoleucine affect protein and RNA synthesis making mupirocin bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at high concentrations. |
| Retapamulin (altabax™) MOA ---- ? | 1. selectively inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by interacting at a site on the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. |
| Sulfonamides MOA ------ ? | 1. inhibit the enzyme dihydropteroate synthase 2. inhibit biosynthesis of folic acid 3. inhibit intermediates necessary for the synthesis of the DNA base unit thymidine (T) 4. competitively inhibit reactions involving para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) 5. Bactericidal |
| Trimethoprim MOA ----- ? | 1. inhibits the biosynthesis of folic acid and results in a blockage of DNA base synthesis 2. inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, the enzyme responsible for the stepwise reduction of folic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid |
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