22306710
Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the three locations of Ca+/Mg2+ reabsorption? What drives this process? | 1. Proximal Convoluted Tubule 2. Thick Ascending Limb 3. Distal Convoluted Tubule+Collecting Duct Passive process, so concentration gradient |
| How does activation of renal sympathetic nerves affect Na+ reabsorption following fall in BP? | 1. Baroreceptors in central arterial tree detect fall in blood pressure 2. GFR lowers due to: -vasocontriction - reduced surface area of filtration barrier 3. Renin release stimulated 4. Overall increase in Na+ reabsorption to increase H20 bulk flow, blood volume, blood pressure |
| As Na+ levels rise, the juxtaglomerular apparatus will | 1. Macula densa cells uptake more Na+ 2. Adeosine formation increases to bind to A1 receptors on SM 3. Increase in Ca2+ leading to contraction of the A.A 4. Renin release inhibited |
| In the collecting duct Aldosterone: ... Na+ reabsorption by increasing expression of ...and .... Also increases K+ secretion/excretion In the DCT Aldosterone: increases expression of the ... Also ... absorption in gut, sweat glands, salivary glands | 1. Increases 2. ENAC 3. Na+/K+ ATPase 4. Na+/K+ ATPase 5. Increases |
| Plasma has ...of free calcium Intracellular fluid has ... of free calcium | 1. 1.1.25mM 2. 0.001mM |
| Sodium excretion is regulated by? (2) | 1. GFR (starling forces, hydraulic permeability, SA of filtration barrier) 2. Amount of Na+ reabsorption |
| The main solute in Extracellular Fluid is .... The main solute in Intracellular Fluid is .... | Extracellular: Na+ Intracelluar: K+ |
| What are the 3 actions of Type A/B Natriuretic Peptides? | 1. Natriuetic (increases Na+ excretion) 2. Diuretic (inhibits ADH release so more dilute urine) 3. Hypotensive - systematic vasodilation - Dilates AA to increase GFR |
| How do natriuretic Peptides increase Na+ excretion ? | 1. block ENAC channels 2. Inhibit renin/aldosterone |
| What are the 3 impacts of angiotensin II? 1. Stimulates PCT Na+ reabsorption by activating ...pump on basolateral membrane and.... pump on luminal 2. Stimulates ... release/increases ... 3. Aldosterone secretion from adrenal cortex which ... Na+ reabsorption in ... | 1. Na+/K+ 2. H+/Na+ 3. ADH 4. thirst 5. increases 6. DCT/CD |
| What are the effector pathways of Na+ reabsorption? | 1. Renal Sympathetic Nerves (increase renin release) 2. Renin/Angiontensin II/Aldosterone System (RAAS) 3. Atrial Natriuretic Peptide 4. Direct Pressure on kidney 5. Dopamine |
| How does dopamine affect Na+ Reabsorption? | Inhibits Na+ reabsorption |
| What are the mechanisms of extrinsic control of GFR in response to a fall in blood pressure? | 1. Barareceptors activated in carotid sinus/aortic arch, SNS activated 2. Vasoconstriction of AA lowers SA of filtration barrier (mesangial cells), lowering GFR 3. Na+/H20 conserved, increased BP/Volume |
| What are the three factors promoting renin release? | 1. Lowered sodium delivery to macula densa 2. Lowered wall tension in AA 3. SNS Activity |
| What are the two intrinsic mechanisms of GFR control? | 1. Myogenic response by renal SM -sudden rise in BP stretches SM, vasocontriction in response -this lowers GFR 2. Tubuloglomelular feedback by juxtaglomelular apparatus (vasoconstriction+renin release) |
| What are the two types of Natriuetic Peptides released when the heart is stretched and from where? | 1. A type from atrial myocardium 2. B type from ventricular myocardium |
| Increased osmolarity is detected by .... at .... in .... They produce ... molecule, causing ... to be released from posterior pituitary | 1. Osomoreceptors 2. Paraventricular/suboptic nuclei 3. Hypothalamus 4. ADH precursor 5. ADH |
| What do osmoreceptors in the lateral preoptic area do compared to those in the paraventricular/suboptic nuclei | Increase thirst instead of promoting ADH release |
| What is the function of renin? | Renin converts angiotensinogen-->angiotensin I-->angiotensin II |
| The main regulator of blood volume is... | Na+ balance/quality |
| What senses Na+ concentration? (4) | 1. Macula densa cells 2. Pressure receptors in central arterial tree 3. Pressure receptors in renal AA 4. Volume receptors in cardiac atria/intrathoracic veins |
| When free Ca2+ <... ... hormone is released leading to: 1. ... excretion in urine 2. Vit D2/D3 hydroxylation to active form, upregulate Ca2+ receptor of ... cells of parathyroid gland, promote Ca2+/phosphate absorption 3. Ca2+ reabsorption in kidney | 1. 1mM 2. Parathyroid 3. Phosphate 4. Cheif |
| ...reabsorbs CA2+ via TRPUS Ca2+ transporters, Mg2+ via channels/active transport | Distal Collecting Tubule 2. TRPUS Ca2+ transporters 3. Channels/active transport |
| What does atrial natriuretic peptide do? |
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