BMS03-1016 Organisation of the Nervous System)

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Define the central,and peripheral nervous systems. Describe the excitable cells and their support. Briefly outline the major subdivision of the CNS. Describe the somatic nervous system especially spinal nerves and their distribution. Define the following terms; root value, plexus, dermatome and myotome. Describe the autonomic nervous system; its divisions and the destination of its fibres.
Evian Chai
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
Evian Chai
Created by Evian Chai over 4 years ago
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Question Answer
What are the three parts of the central nervous system? 1. Brain 2. Spinal cord 3. Nerve cell bodies, axons and neuroglia (Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal cells)
What does the Peripheral Nervous System contain? 1) Axons 2) Ganglia 3) Neuroglia (Satellite cells, schwann cells)
Can neurons repair themselves or divide? Limited ability to repair Cannot divide
What do astrocytes (star shaped) do? 1. Recycle neurotransmitters 2. Maintain blood brain barrier 3. Neural growth 4. Scar tissue 5. Communicate w ependymal blood vessels/nerve cells 6. Microfilaments give strength to CNS
What do oligodendrocytes do? 1. Create myeline sheath 2. Support/insulate axon 3. Wraps around 50+ axons (vs. Schwann in PNS which wraps around 1)
What do microglia (<5%) cells do? Function like macrophages
What do Ependymal cells do? 1. Line chambers of CNS/ventricles of brain 2. Branching processes communicate w astrocytes
What type of cell is the ependymal cell? Ciliated simple columnar filled with CSF
What is the difference between electrical and chemical signalling? Electrical is linked via gap junction Faster than chemical but lack gain (where signal becomes larger than original) Eg. defensive reflexes/fight or flight
Identify the cells of the CNS
What do Schwann Cells in the PNS do? They wrap around all axons and are either: 1. Myelinating 2. Nonmyelinating but maintain axons Support nerve regeneration
What do Statillate Cells in the PNS do? Surround cells and regulate O2/CO2/nutrient/neurotransmitter levels
Which neurons of the PNS have cell bodies in ganglia outside of the CNS and have no synapses outside the CNS? Sensory (somatic and autonomic) neurons Synapse in CNS instead (dendrites extend into CNS)
Motor neurons with ganglia outside the CNS belong to the ...nervous system and always have .... Autonomic nervous system Synapses outside the CNS
Motor neurons that do not have ganglia outside the CNS and have cell bodies in the CNS belong to the ...nervous system Somatic
Spinal nerves are Somatic neurons/special senses neurons that originate from spinal cord
Cranial nerves are Somatic neurons/special senses neurons that originate from brain
Efferent motor neurons are located where in the spinal nerve? Ventral root
Sensory neurons are located where in the spinal nerve? Dorsal root ganglion
What is in the dorsal/ventral ramus? Mixed nerves (motor and sensory)
What is the difference between grey and white matter in a spinal nerve? White matter mainly has myelinated axons Grey matter contains: - cell bodies of interneurons/motor neurons - neuroglia cells - unmyelinated axons
What is a myotome? An area of skeletal muscle supplied by a single spinal nerve
What is a dermatome? A area of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve
Which part of the PNS has 2 neurons in series, with the first being in the CNS with an axon going to the ... ganglion? Autonomic Ganglion
What happens after a synapse in the autonomic ganglion? Axon of effected neuron carries signal to target organ (eg. smooth muscle)
Which part of the PNS has axons that arise from the cell body in the CNS and travels ALL THE WAY to the effector organ? What neurotransmitter is used? Somatic nervous system Ach
Which neurotransmitters are involved in the autonomic nervous system? Always ACh (cholinergic) for preganglionic then: 1. Norarenaline (adrenergic) for SNS (short-long) 2. Ach (cholinergic) for PNS (long-short)
In the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic nerves arise from? T1-L2
In the autonomic nervous system, parasympathetic nerves arise from? Brainstem and S2-S4 (craniosacral)
What are nerve plexuses? Network of intersecting nerves serving same area of body Contains: Afferent AND efferent nerves from the merging of the anterior rami of spinal nerves and blood vessels
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