Flashcards
BMS11-1033 Kidney Function I: Filtration, reabsorption and secretion
Cards in this deck (36)
- 1What are the functions of the kidney?1. Excrete metabolites
2. Control body fluid composition (volume, osmo, pH)
3. Endocrine - 2The kidney is located between the...vertabraeT12-L3
- 3The two parts of the nephron are the ... and the ...Renal corpuscle and the tubule
- 4The renal corpuscles contains which 3 structures?1. Bowman's capsule
2. Bowman's space
3. Glomerulus - 5What are the three layers of ultrafiltration on Bowman's capsule, and their functions?1. Fenestrated capillary epithelium
- permeable pores
2. Basement membrane
- fixed polyanions with negative charge to repel proteins
3. Podocytes (tubular epithelium)
- filtration slits of 8nm
- primary/secondary processes wrap around capillaries - 6What is the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?- Cortical nephrons are on the outer 2/3 of the cortex and have shorter LoH
- Juxtamedullary nephrons are on the inner 2/3 of the cortex and have a long LoH - 7The Juxtaglomelular Apparatus is a group of specialised cells between the [...] and the ...Afferent arteriole
Distal Collecting Tubule - 8The three types of cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus are1. Juxtaglomelular cells
2. Macula Densa cells
3. Extraglomelular mesiangial cells - 9What to juxtaglomerular cells do?Secrete renin
- 10What do macula densa cells do?Sense Na+ concentration
- 11What do extraglomelular mesiangial cells do?1. Produce ECM
2. Secrete erythropoietin
3. Have SM fibers
4. Phagocytic role - 12What is the nephron supplied by? What does blood leave from?Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole - 13What are the two sets of capillary beds in the nephron? What is their relation to each other?Peritubular and Glomeruli capillary beds
Lie in series with each other (rate of flow is same vs. in parallel) - 14Glomelular reaborption is the movement of ... from ... into ... and is a ...processsolutes/fluid
lumen of capillaries
Bowman's space
Passive - 15Tubular reabsorption is the movement of substances from ... to ...Tubules
Capillaries - 16Tubular reabsorption is the movement of substances from ... to ... It mainly occurs inPeritubular Capillaries
Tubules
PCT/Collecting duct - 17What does the kidney also metabolise?Glutamine
- 18The amount excreted by the kidney is equal toAmount filtered + amount secreted-amount reabsorbed
- 19In terms of secretion, filtration and reabsorption, Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) isFreely secreted, filtered, but not reabsorbed at all
- 20In terms of secretion, filtration and reabsorption, H20 and Urea areFreely filtered and partially reabsorbed
- 21In terms of secretion, filtration and reabsorption, glucose and bicarbonate areFreely filtered and completely reabsorbed
- 22Glomerular Filtration Rate is thethe volume of fluid filtered from the glomerulus/min (ml/min)
- 23What are 4 factors affecting GFR?1. Starling Forces
2. Hydraulic permeability
3. Surface area
4. Neural/hormonal input - 24Starling forces is equal to ... What is ... impacted by?Hydrostatic difference between capillary and Bowman's Capsule minus oncotic difference between capillary and Bowman's Capsule
- 25Since Mesangial cells of the A.A have Smooth muscle innervated by the SNS, increased SNS activity does what to GFR? (3)1. Increases constriction, lowers starling forces
2. Lowers SA
so Lowers GFR - 26Normal filtration rate is how many L a day?180L/day
- 27Urine output is how many L a day?1.5L a day
- 28How does the diameter of AA/EA impact the hydrostatic forces? How does this impact GFR?Diameter of AA/EE
- Constricting AA decreases fluid entering, so decreased difference in pressure/force between capillary and Bowman's Capsule
Lowers GFR
- Constricting EE increases hydrostatic pressure, increases GFR - 29What are 3 adaptations of the luminal membrane?1. Brush border with microvilli to increase SA
2. Lots of mitochondria for ATP
3. Na+ coupled cotransporters for glucose - 30How are glucose/AA/Phosphate/Sulphate transported in?Na+ Cotransporters
- 31How are urea/chloride/K+/Ca+/HCO3- transported in?Passive Reabsorption
- 32How are organic acids (anions) secreted into the tubules?1. Organic anion enters cell in exchange for Dicarboxylate (DC-) that had accumulated in cells via metabolism/Na+ coupled cotransport
2. OA- enters tubule lumen via ATP dependant transporters - 33What creates the gradient for transporting DC into the cell?Na+/K+ pump pumps Na+ OUTSIDE cell to create gradient for DC/Na+ cotransporter so DC can enter cell
- 34How are organic bases (cations) secreted into the cell before the tubule lumen?Enter cell via facilitated cation transporters
- 35How are organic bases (cations) secreted from the cell into the tubule lumen?MATES antiporters pumps out in exchange for H+
- 36—
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- BMS11 - Renal System Flashcards on BMS11-1033 Kidney Function I: Filtration, reabsorption and secretion, created by Evian Chai on 16/04/2020.
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- Evian Chai
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