Flashcards
Genetics
Cards in this deck (15)
- 1Amino AcidAn organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins.
- 2AnticodonA triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome
- 3Messenger RNA (mRNA)A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA and attached to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein.
- 4CodonA three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
- 5HydrophilicHaving an affinity for water.
- 6ProteinA three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids
- 7MutationA rare change in the DNA of a gene, ultimately creating genetic diversity
- 8HydrophobicHaving an aversion to water; tending to coalesce and form droplets in water
- 9Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single stranded; functions in protein synthesis
- 10Protein SynthesisThe creation of protein from a DNA template
- 11RibosomeA cell organelle that functions as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of ribosomal RNA and protein molecules and is formed by combining two subunits.
- 12Transcriptionthe synthesis of RNA on a DNA template
- 13Transfer RNA (tRNA)An RNA molecule that functions as an interpreter between nucleic acid and recognizing the appropriate codons in the mRNA
- 14TranslationThe synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of language fro nucleotides to amino acids
- 15NucleotideThe building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
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- Flashcards on Genetics, created by aebuffington99 on 15/04/2015.
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