UNIT 2 BIOLOGY - cells & simple cell transport

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Flashcards on UNIT 2 BIOLOGY - cells & simple cell transport, created by Liberty Sims on 25/04/2015.
Liberty Sims
Flashcards by Liberty Sims, updated more than 1 year ago
Liberty Sims
Created by Liberty Sims almost 9 years ago
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Question Answer
Nucleus contain genetic material that controls the activities of the cell
cytoplasm a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. it contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
cell membrane holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out
mitochondria where actions for respiration take place
ribosomes where proteins are made in the cell
cell wall supports and strengthens the cell
permanent vacoule contains cell sap; sugars and salts
choloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs. (contaisn cholophyll, which absorbs light energy needed for photosynthesis
yeast cells - single celled microorganisms - has a nucleus, cytoplasm & cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall
bacterial cells - single celled micro organisms - has cytoplasm and a cell membrane surrounded by a cell wall - don't have a nucleus
what is a specialised cell? a specialised cell is a cell that performs a specific function.
(examples of specialised cells) sperm and egg cells -both specialised for reproduction - both carry DNA - egg cell has huge food reserves to feed embryo - sperm cell has streamlined head & tail to help it swim
(examples of specialised cells) red blood cells - adapted to carry oxygen to every cell in the body - biconcave shape which gives them a big surface area for absorbing oxygen - shape also helps them to squeeze through capillaries
(examples of specialised cells) palisade leaf cells - adapted for photosynthesis - grouped together at the top of a leaf where most photosynthesis happens - packed with chloroplasts which absorb the light energy
(examples of specialised cells) palisade leaf cells - tall, w/long sides, which means there's more surface area exposed for absorbing CO2.
What is diffusion? the gradual spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
diffusion cont - happens in liquids and gases due to particles being able to move around
diffusion across cell membranes only very small molecules can diffuse through cell membranes (e.g oxygen needed for respiration, glucose, amino acids, and water)
diffusion across cell membranes larger molecules such as starch and proteins can't fit through the membranes as they're too big.
diffusion cont diffusion in cell membranes is the same as diffusion with air
rate of diffusion rate of diffusion is affected by difference in concentration of the particles - the bigger the difference in concentration, the faster the diffusion rate
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