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Flashcards

Innate Immune System

nelsonsarah05 Biology English 76 cards

Cards in this deck (76)

  1. 1The innate immune system consists of many general defenses that react ________, upon detecting a threat –immediately, or within hours
  2. 2The recognition of traits shared by broad ranges of pathogens, using a small set of receptors is called?Innate Immunity
  3. 3The Immunity that occurs in a rapid responseInnate Immunity
  4. 4The Immunity that occurs as a slower responseAcquired Immunity
  5. 5The recognition of traits specific to particular pathogens, using a vast array of receptors is called?Acquired Immunity
  6. 6Barrier defenses of innate immunity include:skin, mucous membranes, anti-microbial secretions
  7. 7Internal defenses of innate immunity:White blood cells: macrophages, natural killer cells, phagocytes;
    anti-microbial proteins
    Inflammation
  8. 8The innate immune system _____ and _____ the acquired immune system to enhance our overall defensive capabilitiesactivates and regulates
  9. 9“Innate immunity enables us to ____ and _____ pathogens unrecognized by our acquired immune system ”contain and eliminate
  10. 10The body contains ________ for parasites, pathogens, and tumorsecological niches
  11. 11Sebum is secreted bysebaceous gland
  12. 12Sweat is secreted by _____sweat gland
  13. 13Sebum and sweat contain B-defensin peptides that attack _______microbial membranes
  14. 14Sebum and sweat contain fatty acids that create _____An acidic surface (the acid mantle)
  15. 15Adipocytes (fat cells) in the skin secrete the anti-microbial compound ______cathelicidin
  16. 16Our skin forms a barrier to external threats by having ________low nutritional value
    dry surface
    frequent shedding
  17. 17This epithelial tissue covers and defends the _______ surfaces of our bodies that are exposed to the outside worldinternal
  18. 18Epithelial tissue lines the ____, _____, ____ tractsdigestive, reproductive, and respiratory
  19. 19____ target foreign invaders for eliminationAntibodies
  20. 20Phagocytes are ______ that uptake foreign invaders by phagocytosis and destroy themwhite blood cells
  21. 21_____ enzymes attack fungal cell wallsChitinase
  22. 22______ enzymes attack bacterial cell wallsLysozyme
  23. 23The ____ of cells lining the respiratory tract move the mucus containing trapped particles towards the throat for expulsion by coughing, sneezing, urination, or defecationcilia
  24. 24Cilia acts a ____ that reduces the risk of respiratory infections“mucous escalator”
  25. 25Smoking increases the risk of ______by disabling the mucous escalatorrespiratory infections
  26. 26Our mucous membranes contain antibodies, anti-microbial enzymes, and phagocytes that can ______ foreign invadersneutralize
  27. 27_____ contains antimicrobials such as antibodies, amylase, lipase, lactoferrin, and peroxidaseSaliva
  28. 28_______ microbes reduce the risk of infection and autoimmunityMutualistic
  29. 29Low pH and the enzyme pepsin is involved in what part of the digestive tract?Stomach
  30. 30Digestive enzymes in the digestive tract are located in?The Small Intestine
  31. 31Fever eliminates the ecological niches of some _____?invaders
  32. 32Fever stimulates or reduces interferon production, phagocytosis, & tissue repairstimulates
  33. 33Fever stimulates or reduces blood iron levels, tissue injury by increasing heat shock protein productionreduces
  34. 34Some cold-blooded animals move to warmer habitats when infected to stimulate ______?the fever response
  35. 35What temperature can be lethal in humans?106.7 F (41.50 C)
  36. 36Phagocytes are a group of?white blood cells
  37. 37What do phagocytes do?detect, capture, import, and destroy foreign invaders
  38. 38The white blood cell monocyte develops into _____?macrophages
  39. 39The white blood cell that releases anti-microbials "They shoot to kill," "20 billion hired guns"Neutrophil
  40. 40The white blood cell that attacks viruses and multi-cellular invaders like parasitic wormseosinophil
  41. 41A white blood cell that is a mast cell stimulates? And attacks?inflammation and attacks multi-cellular invaders
  42. 42Phagocytes rely on _____ to recognize the unique molecular characteristics of each major group of pathogens (bacteria, fungi, viruses, and worms)pattern recognition receptors (PRRS)
  43. 43PRRS are strategically located in the?cell membrane and in the cell
  44. 44White blood cells develop and mature in?Bone Marrow
  45. 45TLR3, on the inner surface of vesicles formed by endocytosis, binds to double-stranded RNA, a form of nucleic acid characteristic of?viruses
  46. 46TLR4, located on immune cell plasma membranes, recognize lipopolysaccharide, a type of molecule found on the surface of?bacteria
  47. 47TLR5 located on immune cell plasma membranes, recognizes flagellin, the main protein of?bacterial flagella
  48. 48CpG DNA on TLR9 located inside the vesicle of a white blood cell detect?bacteria
  49. 49ds RNA on the TLR3 located inside the vesicle of a white blood cell detect?virusus
  50. 50Zymosan (Glucan) of Fungi is found on TLR ___?TLR 2
  51. 51Some parents do not treat their feverish children with aspirin to ______ the fever to neutralize the infectionenable
  52. 52______ contribute to inflammation and recruit neutrophils to inflamed tissuesmacrophages
  53. 53____ activate natural killer cellsmacrophages
  54. 54Macrophages active the ____ cells of the acquired immune systemhelper t-cells
  55. 55Macrophages kill virus-infected cells and cancer cells using _______?necrosis factor (tnf)
  56. 56NK cells induce apoptosis in ________bacteria, fungi, and worms
  57. 57NK cells induce apoptosis in cancer cells and our viral-infected cells when their surfaces display _______No or few class 1 MHC molecules
    "Stressed out" molecules recognized by the NK cell's "kill receptor"
  58. 58Class 1 MHC (major histo-compatibility complex) molecules are?molecules that are normally recognized by the NK cell’s “don’t kill” receptor
  59. 59Perforin and granzymes are released when natural killer cells___?contact infected cell
  60. 60Natural killer cells typically ______ recognize and kill our healthy cellsdo not
  61. 61Macrophages are located in exposed parts of the body that have the highest probability of?being invaded by pathogens or injured
  62. 62What is it is activated by histamine released by mast cells and also the cytokines released by activated macrophages and neutrophils?The Inflammatory Response
  63. 63Blood flow increases to the inflamed area to deliver materials that?Cause blood clotting
    Contain, neutralize, and destroy invaders (anti-microbials, neutrophils)
    Increase the temperature of the inflamed area
    Increase sensitivity to pain
    Coordinate tissue repair
  64. 64One important inflammatory signaling molecule is ____ which is stored in densely packed vesicles of mast cellshistamine
  65. 65Histamine released at sites of damage triggers nearby blood vessels to _______ and become more permeable.dilate
  66. 66When histamine is release, dilated capillaries leak fluid into neighboring tissues, causing?localized swelling
  67. 67Once activated, macrophages and neutrophils discharge ____ signaling molecules that modulate immune responsescytokines
  68. 68The Inflammation response must be precisely regulated to?precisely activate and deactivate to reduce tissue damage
  69. 69The inflammatory response is activated and deactivated to reduce tissue damage that can cause disorders such as?asthma, chronic peptic ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis, chohn's disease, chronic sinusitis, active hepatitis
  70. 70The complement system consists of ~30 proteins in the blood and tissue fluid that are secreted by the _____ and by activated macrophagesliver
  71. 71The compliment system tags bacteria for _____phagocytosis by phagocytes
  72. 72What stimulates inflammation and alerts the immune system of an invasionthe complement system
  73. 73IgG Antibodies bind to foreign cell surfaces to stimulate formation of the?membrane attack complex
  74. 74The membrane attack complex forms in foreign, unprotected cell membranes without daf (decay accelerating factor) and ______ (cd59) moleculesprotectin
  75. 75The complement system complicates ______ by recognizing and destroying transplanted organs and tissuesorgan transplantation
  76. 76The complement system forms the membrane attack complex in foreign cells and in the _______ of viruses to kill these invadersmembranous envelope

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Biology Flashcards on Innate Immune System, created by nelsonsarah05 on 27/04/2015.
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