Flashcards
REASONS FOR GIRLS IMPROVEMENTS IN ACHIEVEMENT SCLY2
Cards in this deck (46)
- 1Since what decade has girls achievement improved to a point where they now outperform boys?80's
- 2In key stage 1-3, in what subjects is the gap between girls and boys achievement narrower?Math and sciences
- 3Is the gap at a level wider or narrower at A-level compared to GCSE?Narrower
- 4At GCSE, girls are around __ percentage points ahead of boys10
- 5More _____ go on to higher educationGirls
- 6What are the 4 external factors linked to the improvement in girls achievement?- Influence of feminism
- Girls changing perceptions & ambitions
- Changes in the family
- Changes in women's employment - 7How do feminists have an impact on womens rights?Through campaigns to win changes in the law eg. equal pay, outlawing rape, divorce etc
- 8Feminists ideas are likely to have affected girl' self-image and aspirations. What does this mean as a result?Girls are more motivated to do well in education
- 9Who did a study of working-class girls in the 1970's and 1990's?Sharpe
- 10What did Sharpe find?Girls priorities had changed
1970s - love, marriages, husbands, children, jobs
1990's - careers, independence - 11Who found that girls now had high career aspirations and so needed educational qualifications?Francis
- 12What have the 6 main changes in the family been since 1970?- Increased divorce rate (40% of marriages)
- More lone parent families (90% female headed)
- More cohabitation
- Decrease in 1st marriages
- More women staying single
- Smaller families - 13What have these changes meant for women?Given them more need and more opportunity to be economically independent - which gives them motivation to do well at school and gain qualifications
- 14What has resulted in more employment opportunities for women?Expansion of the service sector
- 15What has womens employments risen to and from since the 50's?Under half of married women to 75% today
- 16Give 2 examples of laws which have given women more employment rightsEqual Pay Act - 1970
Sex Discrimination Act - 1975 - 17The pay gap between men and women has almost halved since when?1975
- 18What do changes like this result in in terms of girls achievement?Girls have more incentive to see their futures in terms of paid work - this creates an incentive for them to gain qualifications
- 19What are the 6 internal factors sociologists see as important in explaining girls improved performance?- Equal opportunities policies
- Role models
- Coursework
- Stereotypes in learning materials
- Teacher attention
- Selection and league tables - 20How has feminism affected the education system?The belied that boys and girls are equally capable and should have the same opportunities is widely accepted and has become a social norm in education
- 21Give some examples of policies which have aimed to give boys and girls equal opportunitiesGIST & WISE
National Curriculum -1988 - 22What do these policies result in?Meritocracy
- 23Now that girls have more equal opportunities than the past they are able to...Do better
- 24What does the fact that there are more female teachers and head teachers than the past provide for girls?A positive, pro-educational role model
- 25What does the presence of many female teachers also do to the learning environment?Feminises it
- 26What does this do?Encourages girls to see school as part of the female gender domain
- 27What does this mean as a result?Girls see educational success as a desirable female characteristic and are motivated to do well
- 28Who argues that girls do better than boys in coursework?Mitsos and Brown
- 29Why do they argue this?Girls are more conscientious and better organised
- 30Girls ______ earlierMature
- 31Girls can ___________ for longerConcentration
- 32Who found that girls achievement improved rapidly when GCSE's were introduced (1988) due coursework being a major part of most subjects?Gorard
- 33What have past studies of textbooks and other learning materials found?They used to under-represent females and portrayed them as subordinate to males
Showed them in domestic roles
Showed them unsuited to certain subjects e.g science - 34Since the 1980's what has happened to these sexist images?They've been removed and replaces with more positive images of females
- 35How does this impact girls?Impacts girls perceptions of what women can do and thus may raise their aspirations
- 36In who's earlier studies was it found that teacher spent more time interacting with boys than girls?Spender 1983
- 37Which three recent studies have suggested that girls may benefit more than girls?Francis
French & French
Swann - 38Who's study found that: - Boys dominate class discussions - Girls prefer groups work and and are better at listening and cooperating - This favours teachers - As a result teachers respond more positively to girls and give them more encouragementSwann
- 39Who's study found that teachers gave boys and girls equal academic attention, but boys more attention overall due to more punishments?French & French
- 40What did Francis find?Even though boys received more attention, they were disciplined more harshly and felt teachers picked on them and had lower aspirations of them
- 41What types policies have lead to competition between school? Give an exampleMarketisation policies e.g exam league tables
- 42What does this mean schools try to do and in order to what?Recruit more able students in order to boost their results and league table position
- 43Why are girls more attractive to schools?Because they are generally more successful in education
- 44How many times more likely are boys to be excluded compared to girls?4 times more likely
- 45What do generalised ideas of boys misbehaviour and low-achievement mean?Schools see them as 'liability students' who will give them a bad image and produce poor results
- 46How has selection affected girls achievement?Girls more likely to get places in successful schools - girls get a better education - girls achieve more
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- A-Level AS AQA SOCIOLOGY (Flashcards) Flashcards on REASONS FOR GIRLS IMPROVEMENTS IN ACHIEVEMENT SCLY2, created by ashiana121 on 19/05/2015.
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- ashiana121 · May 2015
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- May 24, 2016
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