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Flashcards

EDUCATION POLICY SCLY2

Hijabi Pleats English 49 cards

Cards in this deck (49)

  1. 1What is educational policy?Government strategies for education, introduced through legal changes and instructions to schools
  2. 2what did industrialisation create the need for and what did this lead to?An educated workforce - this lead to the development of compulsory, state run education
  3. 3Miriam Davis identifies three phases of the development of state education in the UK. When was the first phase?1870-1944
  4. 4In this first phase, what did the middle class receive and what did the working class receive?Middle class - academic education
    Working class - elementary education
  5. 5When was phase 2?1944-1988
  6. 6Until 1965, what name was given to this system?The tripartite system
  7. 7What were the three secondary schools that pupils would be allocated to based on their results from the 11+?Grammar schools (11+), secondary moderns and technical colleges
  8. 8In practice, what did this do?Channelled working class pupils into secondary moderns and non-academic education and channelled middle class pupils into grammar schools
  9. 9What name was given to the system from 1965?The comprehensive system
  10. 10What did this do?Replaced most grammar and secondary modern schools with comprehensive schools
  11. 11Why was this different?All pupils - middle and working class - attended comprehensive schools
  12. 12How did the comprehensive system still reproduce inequalities?Most schools streamed their pupils - working class pupils disproportionately placed in lower streams
  13. 13Which government set up the Education Reform Act and in what year?Conservative government set up the ERA in 1988
  14. 14What was at the core of the education reform act?Marketisation
  15. 15What have marketisation policies since 1988 introduced and what have they reduced?Introduced and education market, competition and parental choice
    Reduced state control over education
  16. 16Who's argument was this based on?New Right
  17. 17What is this argument?Competition forces schools to improve in order to attract 'customers' and therefore this raises standard
  18. 18Was does David call this?Parentocracy
  19. 19Give 6 examples of marketisation policiesOfsted reports
    Formula funding
    Open enrolment
    Exam league tables
    Business sponsorship
    Specialist schools
  20. 20Who argues that marketisation reproduces inequality?Ball and Whitty
  21. 21How do they argue marketisation reproduces inequality?Publication of league tables means schools with good results are more in demand with parents, so these schools can be more selective with who they enroll
  22. 22Who do Ball and Whitty argue these schools select?High achieving pupils - who are more likely to be middle class (and female)
  23. 23What is formula funding?Schools are funded according to the numbers they attract
  24. 24How does this create inequality?Popular schools (the ones with good results) will receive more money and can afford to hire better qualified teachers and more resources
  25. 25What does this lead to?These schools attracting high achieving pupils and so leading to even better results
  26. 26Who benefits from this process?The middle class
  27. 27Ball also argues that marketisation also ____________ inequalityLegitimates
  28. 28How does Ball argue this is the case?Parentocracy puts a child achievement in the hands of the parent - therefore any differences in achievement are seen as the parents fault rather than the schools fault for being unfair
  29. 29Who argues that in reality, middle class parents have more economic and cultural capital and therefore more choice? (give an example of how this benefits them)Gerwitz and others.
    Middle class parents are able to move into a catchment area of a better school
  30. 30What did the New Labour governments after 1997 increase?Spending on education
  31. 31What were the two aims of the New Labour government from 1997?Promoting diversity and choice, reducing inequality of opportunity
  32. 32How did New Labour promote diversity choice and by what policies?By maintaining the education market.
    Policies included competition between schools, creating specialist schools and setting up academies
  33. 33What policies did New Labour introduce that aimed to reduce inequality of opportunity in the education system?Educational Maintenance Allowances, Education Action Zones and Aim Higher
  34. 34Why do people criticise New Labour policies for being contradictory?EMAs helped poorer pupils stay on post-16, but then tuition fee's were introduced
  35. 35What education system have New Labour left untouched?The private education system
  36. 36What do some critics argue 'choice' and 'diversity' are just nice words for and why?'Inequality' - the education market ensures that working class pupils remain disadvantaged
  37. 37What have been genuine achievements of New Labour educational policies?More education spending and focus on a 'learning society'
  38. 38Evidence that academies have raise standards is ______Mixed
  39. 39How many stages have policies relating to ethnicity gone through?3
  40. 40When was the first stage and what was the aim?Through the 60's and 70's - the aim was to encourage assimilation
  41. 41What is assimilation?The process by which people of a group acquire the social characteristics (ie culture) of another group
  42. 42Give an example of a program through which assimilation was performed?English as a Second Language programmes
  43. 43In what years was the second phase of ethnic related policies?Through the 80's and 90's
  44. 44What did the aim switch to in the second phase?Valuing all cultures through multicultural education polices - such as Black Studies in the mainstream curriculum
  45. 45The third stage is more recent. What has the focus been?Social inclusion
  46. 46What does this mean?The legal duty of schools to promote racial equality
  47. 47Who argues that even the more recent policies are too limited in scope?Mirza
  48. 48Give some examples of policies aimed at giving girls and boys equal opportunitiesGIST & WISE - encouraging girls into science and technolgy
    The National Curriculum (1988) - boys and girls largely study the same subjects
  49. 49What do policies like this result in?Meritocracy

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Description
Questions and answers on educational policy relating to class, gender and ethnicity
Created by
Hijabi Pleats
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8
Tags
aqaassociologyeducational policy
History
  • Created by ashiana121 · May 20, 2015
  • Copied by Hijabi Pleats · May 20, 2015
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