Framework 5: Spoken Discourse

Question	Answer
Back channeling	Acknowledging conversation without giving a definite answer. eg) mmmm, yeah, hm, okay, maybe
Discourse marking	Marking that your turn is about to start; a shift in conversation. eg) okay, right then, so, but
Fillers	Sounds made when thinking. eg) ermm, umm, hmm
Hedging	Agreeing but disagreeing to avoid directness. eg) kind of, sort of, maybe, perhaps
False starts/repairs	Beginning a sentence, correcting yourself and starting again. eg) "he, no sorry, I mean she, broke the vase"
Skip connectors	Skipping past the tangent the conversation is going and reverting back to the original conversation. eg) "anyway, coming back to our original discussion"
Fixed expressions	Saying something definitely. eg) as a matter of fact, basically, at the end of the day
Ellipsis	Removing of words from a sentence to abbreviate. eg) "might go see Twilight later"
Tag questions	Adding a question to the end of a sentence to confirm something/support question. eg) "it is tomorrow isn't it?"
Deixis	Pointing words in a perceptual temporal or spatial dimension. Deictic referencing is common in spoken discourse. eg) I, me, you, they now, yesterday, today, here, there, this, that
Non-fluency features	Non-verbal occurrences. eg) sighing, coughing, laughing

Resource summary

	Created by amyashton2 almost 13 years ago